欧文Owen, Robert (Dale) 1801 -- 1877

　　Social reformer; born in Glasgow, Scotland. He taught briefly in New Lanark, Scotland, where his family owned the cotton mills, and occasionally he ran the factories in his father's absence. Influenced by Robert Dale (his father), whose theory of social reform was based on cooperation, practical education, and humane working conditions, he emigrated with his father to America (1825) to set up the New Harmony Colony in Indiana. Unfit for manual labor, the son taught school there and edited the New Harmony Gazette. The community failed (1827) and he would later criticize its participants as "lazy theorists" and "unprincipled sharpers." (His father returned to England in 1828.) Known for practicality in the application of social ideals, he nonetheless came under the influence of Frances Wright and the "Free Enquirers," a liberal group that advocated an early form of socialism. Moving to New York to join the group's inner circle (1829), he edited the Free Inquirer and helped form the Association for the Protection of Industry and for the Promotion of National Education. Joining his father in England (1832), he coedited The Crisis with him for six months, then returned to New Harmony where he served three terms in the Indiana legislature (1836--38) and was able to secure large-scale public school funding. He also served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (1843--47). Appointed charg d'affaires at Naples (1853) and then minister (1855--58), he embraced spiritualism in Italy. On his return to the U.S.A. (1858), he became a leading advocate of the emancipation of slaves; commissioned to purchase arms for the state of Indiana (1861--63), he wrote an influential pamphlet, The Policy of Emancipation (1863). As chairman of a national committee to study freed slaves, he wrote The Wrong Slavery (1864). He was also the author of an autobiography and several novels.

2014年1月18日托福考试结束了，为您提供了《1月18日托福作文机经》，供考生们参考使用。

独立写作：

Intimesofeconomiccrisis,localgovernmentsoftenreducethemoneytheyspendinsomeareas.Inyouropinion,ifalocalgovernmentisfacingeconomicproblems,whichofthefollowingareasshoulditspendlessmoneyon?

--Libraries

--Publictransportation

--Police

综合作文：

文章说，蝙蝠正在经历一种fungus带来的严重危机，数量大减，为了保护它们，应该做三件事：1、人们少去蝙蝠洞穴，因为他们把fungus带了过去;2、研究学习欧洲的一种resistfungus的bats，然后也许能helpprotecy;3、heatcaves来消灭fungus。

教师反对：1、人们并不是最主要的原因，有一些没有人迹的cave也有fungus;2、study要很长时间才能想出办法，那个时候fungus早就灭绝了;3、heatingcave会让bats醒来，以为夏天到了，然后starvetodeath

   1、媒体、历史、政治

　　媒体和历史，都是用反抗的面貌来充当政治的婢女。

　　Media and history, appeared to be discontented, are the chambermaid of politics。

　　2、选择、人民与政治自由

　　选择意味着迷茫，而没有选择则是丧失自由。故而，自由的前提是一个理性的头脑和一个允许理性公开使用的外在环境。

　　Choice is puzzlement; without choice, freedom is lost. Thus, a rational mind and a circumstance allowing rationality be exercised publicly, are the prerequisite of freedom。

　　3、理想与现实

　　吃饱饭之后的理想探讨是现实派;吃饱饭不谈理想是无耻之徒;不吃饱饭谈理想是理想主义者;不吃饱饭也不谈理想的人，永远吃不饱饭。

　　Idealism without starvation are realists; lacking idealism without starvation, the barbarians; starvation with idealism, idealists; starvation without idealism, those always in hunger。

　　4、知识与信仰

　　信仰的前提是理性。

　　Rationality is the prerequisite of faith。

　　5、科技与环保、人类与自然

　　人类中心主义是狭隘的把人与自然予以割裂。自然可以为友，自然可以为师。

　　Human-centralism narrowly separates humans from nature. Nature can be a friend, and a teacher。

　　6、衣着时尚、习惯、身份认同

　　人的心理最为复杂，不能用其外在表现予以判断;但人的内心却有耐不住寂寞，总想通过外在表现让别人了解自己。

　　The mind of a man is so complex that it can never be judged by its out appearance. However, the mind never satisfies with solitude and always leaks some clues for others to explore。

   2014年1月18日托福考试结束了，为您提供了《1月18日托福听力机经》，供考生们参考使用。

　　1、图书馆要翻修，一个男生去询问要怎么修，他不是graduated student，需要professor另外的许可。

　　2、professor让男生去当tutor，男生是生物专业，但是tutor是英语，但没关系，就需要这种不同专业的人，又说了好多tutor的标准和好处。

　　3、作家Shelly通过写小说monster联系天气和社会工业神马的。

　　4、一幅图，展示古代的lunar calendar，还有第13个月。

　　5、帮助风力发电的两个方法。

　　6、动物的智商很难预测，学生问是不是够的智商比较高，因为狗能被人驯化。professor说不一定，又举了羊的例子。

　　7、8、9、经典加试，conversation是学生问老师鸟的paper怎么写。lecture是大王花还有regtime music。

　  1)教育类

　　1. For instance, applicants with Computer Science degrees would not only be qualified for jobs in high-tech companies, they would also be well prepared for any job with computer skills as a prerequisite.

　　2. A good education is supposed to include everything from languages to mathematics to science, etc.

　　3. A well-rounded education leads to well-balanced people, which in turn leads to a tolerant, knowledgeable society.

　　4. There are a great many children thinking the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment. (注意there be句型后的名词再加动词不能用原形。)

　　2) 人的性格

　　1. If you weep for the missing sunset, you would miss all the shining stars.

　　3) 成功&事业

　　1. Jackie Chan once told that when he was still a teenager, he and his partners were required to practice more than 12 hours a day; and it was said Jet Li was sent to be an apprentice when he was hardly four years old.

　　2. Bill Gates, as we know, dropping out from university when he found the possibility of earning money in a new massive market - personal computer market. As a result, he succeeded.

   首先想和大家谈一下GRE词汇学习的必要性，这可以分为两个层面来考虑。从短期角度来考虑，你想要考好GRE考试去美国留学，就必须要准备好GRE词汇。目前的GRE考试分为三部分，即机考的作文和笔试的数学及语文，而在这三个部分中最让中国考生头痛的就是语文部分。语文可以细分为四种考题，其中类比和反义词是直接测试词汇的，如果你没背过GRE单词的话根本不可能正确地解题。相信参加过GRE考试的同学都会有这样的经验，即在接触GRE单词之前，如果让你做上一套类似的题目的话，你会感觉上面的单词基本上都不认识，正所谓是满眼望去叉叉叉的感觉了。所以我们说你考四、六级，考TOEFL的话或许可以不背词，但如果你考GRE不背词肯定不行。此外语文另外两种考题填空和阅读也是间接测试词汇的，试想如果你看到一篇文章或读到一个句子的时候，如果连文章和句子中的单词你都不认识的话，又怎么可能做对后面的题目?当然新东方所有传授的技巧也就无从谈起了。即使是数学，里面大家也是要掌握一些专业词汇的，比如像mode这个词，大家背过的话就应该知道是众数之意，也即是一串数列当中出现频率最高的数了，如果你这种词没有掌握的话，显然这道题也就很难做对了。

　　此外撇开GRE不谈，从大家日后的个人长期发展来说，背GRE单词也是相当有必要的。现在很多同学脑中留有一个错误观点，即背了GRE单词只对考试有用，对于日后的日常生活是完全没有用的，美国人自身也是很少用GRE单词的。其实这句话只对了一半。因为首先必须承认GRE单词中确实有一些比较生僻的词汇，像什么ambrosia是指神吃的食物，而nectar是指神喝的饮料，再比如像daguerreotype这个词是指早期的银版照相，而vent这个词则是爬行动物或小哺乳动物的排泄口的意思，像这种词确实比较怪异，大家以后去了美国以后也很少看到，但是必须要指出的是，GRE词汇中有更多的单词都是大家以后在研究生涯中所要用到的。因为我们参加了GRE考试以后都想去北美留学，而在北美的话大家为了搞研究和完成自己的研究生论文，就必须阅读大量的学术性的的文章，在这些文章中就大量充斥着GRE词汇。如果你这些单词都不认得，又怎么可能深入地理解这些学术论文，从而提高自己的研究水平?所以与其以后去了国外之后才感叹自己词汇量的欠缺，还不如在国内就积攒起大量的词汇，而通过GRE考试来扩充自己的词汇就绝对是一个很好的途径。

   flu = flow 流

　　529. fluent〔 flu 流，-ent 形容词后缀， …的 〕流动的，流畅的，(语言)流利的

　　530. fluency〔 flu 流，-ency 名词后缀 〕流利，流畅

　　531. influence〔 in- 入，flu 流，-ence 名词后缀;“流入”→波及→对周围事物产生影响→ 〕影响，感动，势力;〔 转为动词 〕感化，影响，对…有作用，左右

　　532. influential〔 见上，-ia …的 〕有影响的，施以影响的

　　533. uninfluential〔 un- 不，无，见上)不产生影响的，没有影响的

　　534. influenza〔 见上，影响→感染 〕流行性感冒

　　535. confluent〔 con- 共同， flu 流，-ent …的 〕合流的，汇合的

　　536. confluence〔 见上，-ence 名词后缀 〕合流，汇合，合流点，汇合处，汇流而成的河

　　537. fluid〔 flu 流，-id 形容词后缀，…的 〕流动的，流体的，液体的;〔 转为名词 〕流体，液

　　538. fluidity〔 见上，-ity 名词后缀 〕流动性，流度

　　539. refluent〔 re- 回，反， flu 流，-ent …的 〕倒流的，退潮的

　　540. refluence〔 见上，-ence 名词后缀 〕倒流，逆流，回流，退潮

　　541. defluent[ de- 向下， flu 流，-ent …的 〕向下流的

　　542. circumfluent〔 circum- 周围， flu 流，-ent …的 〕周流的，环流的

　　543. effluent〔 ef- 外，出，flu 流，-ent …的 〕流出的，发出的

　　544. superfluous〔 super- 超过→过多，flu 流，-ous …的 〕过剩的，多余的

　　545. superfluity〔 见上，-ity 名词后缀 〕过剩，多余，奢侈

　　546. superfluid〔 super- 超， fluid 流体 〕超流体

　　547. interfluent〔 inter- 互相， flu 流，-ent …的 〕交流的;〔 inter- 中间， flu 流，-ent …的 〕流在中间的

　　548. flux〔 flux = flu 流 〕流，流出，流动，变动

　　549. fluxion〔 见上，-ion 名词后缀 〕流动，流出物，变动

　　550. fluxional〔 见上，-al …的 〕流动的，变动的

　　551. afflux〔 af- 表示 to ,flux 流 〕流向，流入

　　552. reflux〔 re- 回，反，flux 流 〕回流;倒流;逆流

　　553. influx〔 in- 入，flux 流 〕流入

　2014年1月18日托福考试结束了，为您提供了《1月18日大陆地区托福口语机经》，供考生们参考使用。

　　Task 1: Your friend is concerned about a presentation that he has to give to the class. What advice would you give to help your friend to prepare for the presentation?

　　Sample

　　If my friend is going to do a presentation, I would like to give him the following suggestions. First, practice for as many times as possible in front of a mirror, and with others. Ernest Hemingway once said that the first draft of anything is shit. I couldn’t agree more. Practice makes perfect. Perfection doesn’t come easy. Second, don’t put too many words on each slide. The most common mistake a presenter can make is putting too much information on the screen and read from the it. It makes a presentation boring and predictable. Use fewer words is the way to go. Pictures help too, they communicate so much better than letters.

　　Task 2: Some teachers prefer students to send questions about course work or assignments by email. Other teachers prefer that students ask these questions in person. Which do you think is better? Explain why.

　　Sample

　　I think it’s better to ask questions in person for the following reasons. First, one can learn so much more from a conversation or discussion. Many of brilliant thoughts were only made possible through having discussions and exchanging ideas. Both student and teacher are able to dig a little deeper into the topic if they sit down and talk for a few minutes. The second reason would be: instant feedback. Emails can take days to be answered, they aren’t really that reliable. They end up in spam folders or get buried up pretty quickly.

   fact = do ,make 做，作(fact 也作 fac)

　　479. factory〔 fact 作，制作，-ory名词后缀，表示场所、地点;“制作的场所”→〕工厂，制造厂

　　480. manufacture〔 manu 手， fact 作，制作;“用手制作”，古时生产全用手操作 〕制造，加工

　　481. maltufacturer〔 见上，-er 表示人 〕制造者，制造商，工厂主

　　482. manufactory〔 见上，-ory 表示场所 〕制造厂，工厂

　　483. benefactor〔 bene- 好， fact 做，-or 表示人;“做好事者” → 〕施恩者，恩人，捐助者

　　484. benefaction[见上，-ion 名词后缀)施恩，行善，善行，捐助物

　　485.malefactor〔 male- 恶，坏， fact 做，-or 者;“做坏事者” → 〕作恶者，坏分子，犯罪分子

　　486. malefaction〔 见上，-ion 名词后缀 〕犯罪(的行为)，坏事

　　487. factitious〔 fact 做，-itious 形容词后缀，属于…的;“做作”出来的 → 〕人为的，做作的，不自然的

　　488. facsimile〔 fac 做，simil 相似;“作出相似的东西”，作出与原物相似之物→ 〕誊写，摹写，摹真本

　　489. facile〔 fac 做，-ile 形容词后缀，易…的)易做到的，易得到的

　　490. facility〔 见上，-ity 名词后缀;“易做” → 〕容易，便利

　　491. facilitate〔 见上，-ate 动词后缀，使…〕使容易做，使容易，使便利，促进

　　492. fact〔 fact 做;“已经做出”的事 → 〕事实

　　493. factual〔 见上， -ual …的 〕事实的，实情的，真实的

　　494. facture〔 fact 作，制作，-ure 名词后缀 〕制作，制作法