雅思词汇虽然不作为一门单独的考试,但是词汇是雅思考试四大板块最基础的核心,没有词汇就不成句不成篇,所以,在考试前多积累一下词汇是非常有必要的。
age 年龄;
height 身高;
blood type 血型;
weight 体重;
marital status 婚姻状况;
family status 家庭状况;
nationality 民族/国籍;
current address 目前住址;
date of birth 出生日期;
native place 籍贯;
postal code 邮政编码;
home phone 住宅电话
雅思词汇虽然不作为一门单独的考试,但是词汇是雅思考试四大板块最基础的核心,没有词汇就不成句不成篇,所以,在考试前多积累一下词汇是非常有必要的。
check out登记并借出;
not for circulation不外借;
call slip索书单;
delivery desk借书台;
library card借书卡;
reference stacks书库;
bibliography书目;
renew续借,
due应付费;
reserve预借;
closed reserved只读不借;
in circulation在书库里;
on the shelf在书架上
雅思词汇虽然不作为一门单独的考试,但是词汇是雅思考试四大板块最基础的核心,没有词汇就不成句不成篇,所以,在考试前多积累一下词汇是非常有必要的。
表示度数高低:strong 烈性的、weak 淡的、搀水的,mild 淡的、不浓的;
表示颜色:red 红的,white 白色的,dark 深色的, light 淡色的,pale 淡色的;
表示味道:dry 不甜的,sweet 甜的,bitter 苦的;
表示年代:old 陈,aged 陈,V. S. O. P.(very superior old pale)陈年酒
一. 所谓的原则:
1. 定语从句尽量省略原则:which be/that be+形容词/过去分词,which be/that be应尽量省略。
2. whose/which/that就近指代原则。
3. There be/enough/instead of(相对于rather than)/due to/because of(相对于because)/despite/if(相对于whether)/maybe出现错原则。
4. 表‘命令/建议/要求’的实意动词+that后面省略should原则(这些实意动词已包含了should的意思,所以省略should)
5. 状语从句尽量省略主语+be动词原则。(注意逻辑主语一致)状语从句引导次后接adj/done/doing正确,接n/prep短语错。
6. 宾语从句that保留原则。注意平行结构中‘三个that’的平行。
7. 强语气词(only, only if,情态动词,however/whatever/whenever/wherever)不改变原则。
8. Have+动作性名次错原则。改为do或者be adv done。
9. Be to do表将来时错原则
10.Having/being出现错原则。(having的特例,credit后面用having;being的特例,the chance of being/the distinction of being)。
11.Consider +n1+ n2/adj出现正确原则。
12.Compare/base用被动原则。
13.Similar to/differ from不位于句首原则
14.Continue不用进行时原则。
15.if/when/because三种关系强加/丢失错原则。
二.平行结构。
1. 引起平行的结构:
a. and, or, but, yet
b. not only A, but also B/not A, but B/
c. rather than
d. can do, do, and do/to do, do, and do/that A, that B, and that C
e. 比较结构
2. 平行的原则:形势对称,概念对等,功能相同。
a. 单复数的一致。
b. 时态的一致
c. 主被动的一致
d. 主谓宾顺序的一致
e.介词结构的一致
二.比较结构
1. 引起比较的结构
a. like/unlike:be like/be unlike/do like对,do unlike错。Like/unlike+句子或介词短语错。
b.as后接句子及其省略形式(省略不引起歧义的主语)
c.as…as
d.比较级+than
e. compare to/with
f. the more, the more的结构
bryony的青冥刺
如果你跟我一样,做完LZM一直苦于正确率无法提高,多半是思路有偏差了。这里需要指出的是,有人认为用题海战术-狂做885,SC的能力会有提高。可能会有,不过效果肯定不明显。不要以为做狂做885 就有立杆见影的效果。大多数情况下,你会重复犯以前你犯的错。 或者你记住了答案,但是遇到同类新题,再错。 所以与其费时费力,不如把OG彻底再看两遍再说。对于885偶的看法是-885的妙用在于是:在你彻底看完OG2遍以后,用来检验你所建立的语法结构和语感是否正确。一天做1-2套就可以了。同时可以保持你对SC 的敏感程度。如果你发现自己做885错的还是很多,八成是OG SC没理解透彻。 我的建议是再看SC.
OG SC偶至少看了4-5 遍。 而且分类总结。建议大家也这样做,虽然会比较费时,很有好处。同时OG菜鸟手册是一个好冬冬,用起来很方便。
“A company’s long-term success is primarily dependent on the job satisfaction and the job security felt by the company’s employees.”
Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.
“一家公司的长期成功主要依赖公司员工的工作满意度和工作安全度。”
I agree that job satisfaction is an important factor in determining whether a company will be successful in the long term. However, other factors typically play just as vital a role in the ultimate success or failure of a business. At the same time, job security is becoming decidedly unimportant for many employees and, in any event, often leads to substandard job performance.
I agree that business success is more likely when employees feel satisfied with their jobs. Employees who dislike the workplace or their jobs are not likely to reach their potential performance levels; they may tend to arrive late for work, perform their tasks in an unimaginative and sluggish manner, or take excessive sick leaves. Nevertheless, a firm’s long-term success may equally result from other factors such as finding a market niche for products, securing a reputation for quality products and services, or forming a synergistic alliance with a competitor. This list hardly exhausts all the factors that can contribute to a firm’s ultimate success, and no one of them—including job satisfaction—is pivotal in every case.
While job satisfaction clearly boosts employee morale and contributes to the overall success of a company, the same cannot be said for job security. Admittedly an employee worried about how secure his or her job is might be less creative or productive as a result. By the same token, however, too much confidence in the security of one’s job can foster complacency, which, in turn, may diminish employees’ creativity and productivity. Moreover, many employees actually place job security relatively low on the list of what they want in a job. In fact, more and more workers today are positively uninterested in long-term job security; instead, they are joining firms for the sole purpose of accomplishing near-term professional goals, then leaving to face the next challenge.
To sum up, the claim at issue overrates the importance of job satisfaction and security by identifying them as the key factors in a company’s long-term success. Job satisfaction among employees is very important, but it is not clearly more important than many other factors. At the same time, job security is clearly less important, and even unimportant in some cases.
雅思词汇虽然不作为一门单独的考试,但是词汇是雅思考试四大板块最基础的核心,没有词汇就不成句不成篇,所以,在考试前多积累一下词汇是非常有必要的。
面对庞大的雅思词汇量,我们很多考生存在着10个误解,你知道是哪十个吗?
No.1 单词背越多,分数考越高
亲爱的同学们,我们不是莎士比亚,不可能人人都背到三十万的词汇量,也不是爱因斯坦,看一遍就能全部记住,所以,背单词一定还学会给自己做减法。你不能看了阅读的机经是关于人体的骨骼,然后就去背什么盆腔股,胸膈,肋骨,几千块骨头全部背完吧。你要背的单词永远是最核心的,决定文章中心意思的单词。
No.2 背单词是提高英文的最好途径
单词是一切语言的基础,没有单词的积累就不可能有语言的输出与表达,但是盲目地背单词,把单词当做学英语的唯一稻草,却是万万不行的。单词必须要背,但背到了一定量的积累后,重点应该放在听说读写四个方面,语言最终是要会使用的,应该从这四个方面多锻炼技能,单词只是桥梁,要达到最终的目的地还是需要自己走过去。
No.3 单词只要背住了就万事大吉
单词在被我们背入大脑后是很随机凌乱的分布的,这样产生的结果到你想在写作和口语中使用的时候,在一大堆词里找不到你想用的,就算找着了,也很可能用错。背到脑袋里的单词的最终目的是要会使用,背完了一个新的单词一定要有意识地去造句,去使用它,或者把它
去多看多听多使用你背过的单词,让它被激活,这样才是真正的背住并且会用了。
No.4 只要背单词书,提说读写四块的词汇都可以提高
一般我们说你的词汇量是多少,指的是阅读的词汇量,即为你看着能认识,但不一定会读,会写和会用,能认识五千个单词并不意味着能够真正使用五千个单词。在雅思考试中,口语和写作对词的要求是会用会说会写,听力同样如此,所以,背单词书只能增加阅读的词汇量,
而剩下的词汇量需要考生按话题去积累,例如口语中描述人会用到哪些词,写作中写到政府会需要用哪些搭配等等。
No.5 写作词汇要越难越好
其实考生可以在剑桥的真题的最后看很多写作的范文,高分作文并不是通篇用的难词,而是用的最准确的词,在表达上也遵循了多样性的原则,所以,写作对词的要求并不是难,而是你所用的词一定要合适,表达的意思要精确。其次,雅思写作是学术写作,需要用学术类词汇,像很简单的take get make这类词就尽量避免出现,这就等于一个四十岁的男的说“偶好口耐”是一个道理。
No.6 只在课本上背单词
一直以来我都认为,兴趣是最好的老师,有时候背单词可以扔掉单词书,从自己感兴趣的话题来背单词,一定有好的收获,比如说我爱看篮球,那NBA有一只球队叫UTAH JAZZ犹他爵士,看到jazz 爵士这个词,还有一些音乐类型是不是也可以一起背了呢,比如hip-hop,R&B, Pop, blues(蓝调),摇滚乐rock music,也可以称之为rock&roll, heavy metal(重金属),punk(庞克),hardcore(硬核音乐),indie(independent的简写)独立音乐。这样子,和音乐相关的很多单词是不是就一起记住了呢。
NO.7 每次花很长时间背单词
我想大家一定有过这样的经历,我决定明天开始,认真学习,然后一大早起来开始背单词,但是大多数同学的结果都是一两个小时后,头昏脑胀,该玩儿什么玩儿什么去了。关于背单词的时间,大家一定要知道,强调的永远是重复频率,而不是单位时间。一个单词,一次看它十分钟,不如看它十次,一次一分钟。就像你练肌肉,肯定是哑铃做几组,休息一下,总不能一次性就成了大力水手吧。
No. 8 边看边写记单词
这是同学们最爱的背单词方法,看一眼,写一遍,再看一眼,再写一遍,但是就算你本子上把这个词儿都写满了,可能下次,只有它出现在阅读中你知道是什么意思,这个词要怎么读,要怎么用,和谁搭配,可能一概不知。边看边写是最次的背单词方法,一个单词,写2至3遍就足够了,你应该遵循听说读写这四个步骤,把这个词分别放在这四块中去运用。读一次,听一次,写一次,再说一次,效果一定比光看好。
No.9 今天背住了的单词就再也不看了
背单词就像交朋友,一回生二回熟,就像交朋友一样,要平时多联系,这样关系才会长久,如果只是想找她帮忙才给她打电话,那你的希望多半会落空。单词同样如此,今天背住了,不代表明天还会记住,等你下次要用它的时候,它就不理你了,你怎么想也想不起来,所以,背一个新单词,至少要在刚认识他的3-5天多见见它,这样才能培养出革命同志的感情。
No.10 每次总是从A背到Z
同学们要先明白一个道理,单词书从A排到Z是方便你查找,但在用单词的过程当中,绝对不会按照A到Z 的顺序使用的,这就要求你按照使用单词的顺序来记忆单词,这样效果是最好的。比如说我把单词分类,今天背形容词,比如形容人的,形容物的,形容事的,明天背动词,后天背名词,这样是把你的脑袋分区了,让你知道哪些词我在口语中用,哪些词我在写作中用,才不会像背单词书一样,是一团浆糊。
GMAT语法全解,是一种见仁见智的事物。GMAT语法题又是考生们颇为头疼的烦恼之一。那位会问,我们中国学生语法功底都挺雄厚的,怎么还怕GMAT语法题呢?其实,GMAT语法题所要考查的能力,远非记住几个语法常态那么简单,GMAT语法题是需要考生仔细琢磨和研究的。GMAT如何复习?GMAT语法题又该如何搞定?本文这就为您揭开谜题。
1. Acid rain and snow result from the chemical reactions between industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxideswith atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids.
(A)with atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(B)with atmospheric water vapor producing highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(C)and atmospheric water vapor which has produced highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
(D)and atmospheric water vapor which have produced sulfuric and nitric acids which are highly corrosive
(E)and atmospheric water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfuric and nitric acids
这道题目的考查对象为between…and…这一常见的固定搭配,用来连接两个名词或名词短语,本题对考生的干扰主要在于sulfur dioxide和nitrogen oxides中间已经出现了一个and,有些考生就想到GMAT语法要求句子简明,那么连用and肯定不合适,首先将C,D和E排除掉了。但是如果用with,整句话逻辑关系不通,这个错误当然要比用词重复严重得多,相比之下还是选择使语意合乎逻辑的选项,正确答案为E。我们不选C和D的理由并不是由于句子不简洁,而是其逻辑关系有误。
2. A majority of the international journalists surveyed view nuclear power stations as unsafe at present butthat they will,or could,be made sufficiently safe in the future.
(A)that they will,or could,
(B)that they would,or could,
(C)they will be or could,
(D)think that they will be or could
(E)think the power stations would or could
题干中的but表转折关系,在对选项进行比较时A,B,C比较容易吸引考生眼球,因为它们与划线句相似,D和E凭空多出个think,让人感觉难以接受,但是如果仅仅以这个理由进行排除显然是证据不足的。我们应该先分析原句结构,抓住主线,该句属于平行结构形式,D和E中的think与view在意思上形成对应,所以我们不应对这两个答案带有任何偏见,而应一视同仁。根据GMAT语法原则,不能随意省略成分,否则句意就会出现ambiguity。比较五个选项,只有D的句意表达最完整。而为什么要使用think一词我们大可不必去追究,这只是无关痛痒的小问题。
3.Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoketoo irritating to be drawn into the lungs.
(A) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke
(B) Unlike the acid smoke of cigarettes, pipe tobacco is cured by age-old methods, yielding an alkaline smoke
(C)Unlike cigarette tobacco, which yields an acid smoke, pipe tobacco, cured by age-old methods, yields an alkaline smoke
(D) Differing from cigarettes’ acid smoke, pipe tobacco’s alkaline smoke, cured by age-old methods, is
(E) The alkaline smoke of pipe tobacco differs from cigarettes’ acid smoke in that it is cured by age-old methods and is
解答本题时首先排除的是D答案,因为differ from不能用在句首。本题的正确答案为C,但是很多考生的目光都是在C上暂作停留就转向其他选项了。原因是C中连用了两个yield,这样的句子毫无美感可言,缺乏变化。可是千万别忘记考虑到句子重心问题,其他几个答案都是把句子重心搞错了,smoke和cigarette对应有误,这可是大禁忌,比起这个错误来,用词重复还算得了什么呢?
GMAT语法题的难度一方面来自题干,另一方面来自选项,因为我们要依靠GMAT语法题选项之间的差别来获得信息、寻求提示,GMAT如何复习?首先要搞清楚GMAT语法题的特点——矮子里拔将军,本文介绍的所谓GMAT语法全解的核心,就是需要我们善于运用排除法,挑选出相对准确而有效的那一个。
我们看一道题来说明从几个都是错误的选项中来找出一个相对正确答案的应用。
The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can be completed in the late 1980‘s.
(A) The modernization program for the steel mill will cost approximately 51 million dollars, which it is hoped can
be completed in the late 1980’s.
(B) The modernization program for the steel mill, hopefully completed in the late 1980‘s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(C) Modernizing the steel mill, hopefully to be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(D) The program for modernizing the steel mill, which can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980‘s and cost approximately 51 million dollars.
(E) Modernizing the steel mill, a program that can, it is hoped, be completed in the late 1980’s, will cost approximately 51 million dollars.
这道题目中A选项的it is hoped是个插入语,应该前后用两个逗号隔开。而且A中的which语法上看指代了dollar美圆,而从逻辑来分析其实是应该指代program项目的,所以A错了。B选项和C选项用了hopefully这个词,这不符合商业英文的用法,一般是错误的,应该改为it is hoped。D选项犯了个非常严重的语法错误,它缺少谓语,所以肯定是错误选项。最后答案选E,而其实E选项也只是个相对最佳而非绝对最优,因为它放了Modernizing the steel mill这个分词结构做主语,应该把它改成the modernization of the steel mill名词形式来做主语会更好一点,但由于这只是个不简洁的错误,属于有效性的错误,与A,B,C,D的错误性质比较起来显得轻微许多,所以答案选E。
只要掌握了一定技巧,加上平日基础的积累,GMAT语法题难题其实并不可怕,做题时首先要先摸清它们的主干,顺藤摸瓜,就能找到GMAT语法题难题的考查核心了。
21. Damage to
22. Will continue to
23. Merge with
24. Resistance to
25. Help to do ; be helpful in doing
26. Be trained to help find
27. Aid sb
28. Aid in doing sth n n
29. In Attempt to
30. Have no ground for
31. Just as … so…
32. Discourage xxx from doing
33. Combine with
34. Forbid to do, forbid a strike by union
35. Demand that:
36. Expect news to be fair
37. X is expected to Y s
38. Believe x to be y
39. Estimated to be
40. Using account of