. christopher columbus was the first person to navigate under the patronage of the queen isabella of spain.

[a] explore [b] sail [c] work [d] circumvent

. immigrants entering the united states at the turn of the century often encountered living conditions radically different from those they had left behind.

[a] apparently [b] drastically [c] admittedly [d] tragically

. steel expands in hot weather, so suspension bridges may sag a foot more on a hot day.

[a] shrink [b] droop [c] bounce [d] rise

. many immigrants were prepared to work hard and in appalling conditions for the sake of their descendants.

[a] benefit [b] health [c] property [d] entertainment

. ships passing on the high seas exchange salutes by lowering and raising their flags once.

[a] information [b] ceremonies [c] greetings [d] privileges

keys:  bbbac

 among all societies legal marriage is usually accompanied by some kind of ceremony that expresses group sanction of the union.

[a] opinion [b] coercion [c] approval [d] insistence

 the 1960s saw a change in the form and content of movies, treating subjects that for so many years were considered taboo.

[a] unpleasant [b] prohibited [c] unethical [d] worthless

 even a novel in which there is no narrator tacitly creates a picture of an author behind the scenes.

[a] theoretically [b] purposely [c] instinctively [d] implicitly

the legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.

[a] tradition [b] rule [c] observance [d] maneuver

 the american medical association has called for the sport of boxing to be banned.

[a] forbidden [b] regulated [c] studied [d] reorganized

keys:  cbdda

 there was a caption underneath the photograph.

[a] signature [b] graph [c] title [d] design

the answer lay in a resource that unknowing americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the “great american desert” to reach lands that sometimes proved barren.

[a] lonely [b] dangerous [c] uncomfortable [d] infertile

huey long s denunciations of the federal government were often inspired by the fervor of his listeners.

[a] size [b] curiosity [c] cheerfulness [d] zeal

hailed as the “queen of soul”, aretha frankilin imparts a gospel sound to most of her music.

[a] inaugurated [b] categorized [c] acclaimed [d] promoted

with laser scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.

[a] understanding [b] responsibility [c] interpretation [d] notice

find/faind /vt.1.找到,发现　2.发觉,感到,认为　3.(成功地)达到,(通过努力而)获得 4.判决,裁决

n.发现,(有价值的)发现物

fin来自拉丁文finire =to end,bound; finis =end,bounds。

finding/5faindin /n.1.[常pl.]调查(或研究)的结果,(手艺工所用的)小型工具或材料　2.(陪审团的)裁决

finder/5fainde /a.发现者,取景器,探测器,测高仪,寻星镜

fine/fain /a.1.健康的,舒适的2.美好的,极好的,优秀的3.纤细的,尖细的,细微的 4.锋利的,敏锐的

5.精制的,颗粒微小的 6.纯粹的,无杂质的7.晴朗的

ad.很好,妙

vt.处…以罚金

n.罚金,罚款

finish/ 5finif/vt.1.完成,完毕,结束 2.用完,消耗光 3.毁灭,毁掉　4.磨光,（完美地处理）表层

n.1.结束,末尾,最后阶段(或部分) 2.平滑,光亮

finite/5fainait /a.1.有限的,有限制的　2.限定的 3.暂时的,非永久性的

affinity/ e5finiti/n.1.密切关系,嫡亲关系 2.亲和力 3.类同,相似

define/di5fain/vt.1.给…下定义 2.阐述,解释 3.限定,规定 4.分辨,区别

definite/5definit/a.1.明确的,确切的2.一定的,肯定的

definitely/5definitli/ad.1.明确地,确切地2.一定地,肯定地

definition/7defi5nifen/n.1.定义,释义2.清晰（度）,鲜明（度）3.规定,限定

definitive/di5finitiv/a.1.最可靠的,权威性的2.决定性的,最后的

n.限定词

infinite/5infinit/ n.1.无限的,无穷的 2.巨大的,无边无际的

infinitive/in5finitiv/n.（动词的）不定词,不定式

infinity /in5finiti /n.无限,无限的空间（时间或数量）

confine/5kcnfain/vt.1.限制,使局限 2.禁闭,监禁 3.限制（行动）

/ ken5fain/n.1.约束,限制 2.[pl.]界限,范围

refine/ri5fain/ vt.1.精炼,精制,提纯,净化 2.使优美,使完善 3.使举止高雅,使文明

refinery/ri5faineri /n.精炼厂,炼油(或糖等)厂

finance/fi5nans, fai5nans /n.1.财政学 3.财政,金融　4.[常pl.]财源,资金,财务情况

vt.1.为…提供资金,为…筹措资金 2.贷款,提供贷款

financial/ fi5nanfel, fai5nanfel /a.财政的,金融的,金融家的

notebook/5neutbuk/n.笔记簿,笔记本

not来自拉丁文notare=to mark; mark。

note/ neut/n.1.短笺,便条 2.记录,笔记 3.正式文件 4.注解,按语 5.音调,音符 6.票据,钞票 7.本票,期票

vt.1.注意,留意 2.记录,记下 3.指明,表明 4.提及,谈到

noted/5neutid/ a.著名的,知名的

notation/neu5teifen/n.记号,符号,标记法

notable/5neutebl/a.值得注意的,显著的,著名的

n.名人,要人notably/5nejtbeli/ad.显著地, 特别地

notarize/5neuteraiz/ vt.证明,确认,对…公证

notary/5neuteri/n.公证人

noteworthy/5neutwe:ti/ ad.值得注目的,显著的

notice/5neutis/vt.1.注意到,察觉到 2.评论,提及

n.1.注意,察觉 2.通知,布告 3.短评

noticeable/5neutisebl/a.1.显而易见的,明显的 2.值得注意的,重要的

notify/5neutifai/vt.通知,告知,报告

notion/5neufen/n.1.概念,观念 2.意图,想法,(怪)念头 3.家用小物品

notorious/ neu5tr:ries/a.臭名昭著的,声名狼藉的

annotate/ 5aneuteit/v.（对文学作品）注解,评述

denote/di5neut/vt.1.标明,指明2.表示,意思是3.（符号等）表示,是…的标志4.特指

delude / di5lu:d / vt.1.欺骗,蒙蔽,误导 2.迷惑,蛊惑

delusion / di5lu:ven / n.1.错觉,谬见,妄想 2.迷惑,欺骗,骗局

illusion / i5lu:ven, i5lju:ven / n.1.幻想,错误的观念 2.错觉,幻觉,假象

illustration / 7iles5treifen / n.1.说明,例证 2.图解,插图

illustrious / i5lqstries / a.辉煌的,著名的,杰出的

allude / e5lju:d / vi.（to）暗指,间接地提及,影射

allusion /e5lu:ven / n.1.引述,引证 2.提及,暗示

lucent /5lju:sent/ a.1.发光的,明亮的 2.透明的,清澈的

lucid /5lu:sid / a.1.表达清楚的,易懂的 2.透明的,清澈的

denounce / di5nauns / vt.1.公开谴责,指责 2.控告,告发

denunciation / dinqnsi5eif(e)n / n.1.公开谴责,指责 2.控告,告发

enunciate / i5nqnsieit / vi./vt.1.清晰地念,清晰地发音 2.清晰发言,阐明

pronounce / pre5nauns / vt.1.发音 2.注音 3.宣布,宣判 4.发言,发表意见

pronunciation / pre7nqnsi5eifen / n.1.发音 2.读法,发音方法

pronounced / pre5naunst / a.1.发音的,讲出来的 2.显著的,清楚的,明确的

renounce / ri5nauns / vt.1.声明放弃,抛弃 2.宣布中止 3.拒绝,否认