第一、单词为主,语法护航

新托福考试中,如果我们听不懂文章,直接的原因就是词汇不认识。也就是说,词汇是我们托福备考的最大障碍。如果我们连 aphid 这个单词都不认识,如何能够听懂蚂蚁的生活习性和食物来源的文章？如果我们连dinosaur 都不认识,如何能够理解大型生物的生活习性及如何灭绝的？抑或是不认识火山场景中的volcanic、lava 等词汇,又何尝能理解关于关于微生物的生活习性的文章？所以,单词将会起着决定性的作用。

如果哪一天我们的词汇没有问题了,那么之后的问题一般就会是“听单个单词绝对可以听懂,但是为什么放在句子里就什么也听不懂了呢”？这是因为我们背的是单词,但是考试考查的是句子,而且句子有简单句、复合句、复杂句之分。我们日常使用的最多的是简单句,但是考试,一般来讲,考查的最多的恰恰是复合句和复杂句,所以,对于我们的基本的语法知识,各位托福备考的同学可以有意识的强化一下复合句和复杂句的知识。这样在考试中,自己才会明白到底什么地方会是考点。一般来讲,what 引导的从句和强调句肯定会是相关的考点。比如：what surprised us is the fact that 等句型。

第二、明白具体的场景和出题规则

一般来讲,托福考试作为标准的模块化考试,其出题的规律是不变的,听力材料千变万化,但是,我们应该明白最核心的最本质的考点是不变的。下面结合笔者3次参加新托福考试的经历来谈谈托福听力中的几大必考类型题目。

1、优缺点必考

此类题目一般集中于典型的高科技、生物化学类听力当中。比如笔者2008年2月14日参加过的考试中,有一篇听力考到了科学家利用细菌来去除海洋污染物的文章,文章中清晰地给出了此方法的优点和缺点,缺点的题目是一个多选题,基本就是原文中的比较耗费时间和速度比较慢等。所以,对于此类文章,一定要明白其相关的结构,这样才可以在考试中游刃有余。

2、原因、结果类必考

任何类型的lecture 题目当中都有可能会考到此类问题,一般来讲,表示原因的听力内容特别值得我们关注, 但是由于我们日常接触的原因类的词汇只有一个,所以会误以为只有because 是必考的,但是事实上,表示原因的还有since, as, for, the reason is that 等表达方式,这就需要我们的日常积累等。

3、专业名词必考

在托福听力中,我们经常会听到类似的说法如“this is what we call + 专有名词”,或者“this is +现象”。 一般来讲,此类专有名词是我们所不熟悉的,但是会用一种比较简单的方式表达出来,或者更难的考法是用另一个专有名词来解释一个专有名词,那么考点非常明显了,就是考察what is the definition for+ 专业名词。不管考试题目如何千变万化,考试的要点是不变的。具体的试题题目可参阅下tpo 的第四套题目的关于动物行为的那一篇文章。

4、小于五的数字必考

此类题目一般会出现我们所谓的多选题,一般会考到具体的作用、表现形式、逻辑关系等,具体的题目在巴朗中多为常见,比如考到具体的绘画的三种作用,四种排水系统等,或者是修正主义对于早期农业的消极影响的三个方面表达等。需要各考生注意的是,专业名词在此类听力中可以适当使用缩略语以减少听力笔记时间。

5、例子必考

此类听力题目中经常会使用具体的简单的例子来解释某一专业说法,比如会使用我们放在冰箱里的食物会变坏这个例子来说明细菌的作用,也会使用自行车的轮子来说明某种排水系统,也会使用某一历史事件来说明绘画的具体作用。所以,当听力中出现for example, for instance, let’s say, let’s put it this way, just like, just as, as we all know 等说法时,我们一定要保持足够的警觉。把托福加入收藏

第三、如何合理使用机经

机经,泛指前人对于托福考试后的考试总结,我们在网络上可以找到机经,但是,很少会找到具体的机经使用指南,在此,笔者建议机经使用如下：

1、根据机经,具体地找到某些名词的表达,特别是常用的单词,比如“恐龙”“蚜虫”或者马

马达加斯加的某种特殊的猴子,或者是类人猿等,那么,这样可以积累我们的相关的词汇表达,在考试中就不会因为不懂专业的词汇而丢分。

2、据机经明白此类lecture 的具体的分类及考点,一定要明白类似的考题是否出现过,如出现过,具体的考点是否有类似的题目类型,那么,通过自己的总结,就会明白具体的本类型题的具体考点,这样可以有备而来去准备托福考试。

3、当所有的机经基本可以按照以上两步做了之后,下一步的工作就是自己结合tpo 去具体的分析托福真题和机经的异同点,以修正自己对于托福听力不成熟的想法。

适当放弃 不求全懂

在长篇听力来说,会有更多扰乱注重力的信息。如有听不懂之处,千万不要执着的想把每个细节都听懂,因为在托福,重点会一直被再提起的！

托福听力出题范围虽然很大但其实,tofel考试并不会刁难。精要的技巧是,听到不懂的单字,完全不需慌张也不需费时费神去思考,停滞,因为其后必有同位语或是修饰语作进一步解释,这样的小技巧乍听之下,虽然无足轻重,但考试时分秒必争,若能辨孰轻孰重,高下立判,成败即分。

最后,必须了解各种考试的宗旨所在,譬如说toeic、tofel,对象仅为母语非英语人士；而gre、gmat、sat、lsat,则不然。所以在解toeic、tofel时尽量记住这个出题的心态,若是有似是而非的情况时,本人会提醒同学们,尽量往简单的方向思考即可。(譬如：答题剩下两个选项不能确定时,就大胆的猜比较简单的那个选项)

part c部分,也叫takl部分。通常是老师讲课(上课或者其他内容),学生做报告等。而决定了内容上是文科专业或者理科专业体裁居多,而学生生活方面的偏少,或者可以说基本没有。而大家知道,美国人是很讲逻辑性的,不管是说话,还是写文章。而ets在出题上更继承了这一特点。它们都有很强的结构性。阅读是这样,而听力同样如此。

对于听力文章(文理科专业段子)的结构,大家也许比较熟悉了。不过是：一般分3段,第一段点题,也就是提出问题；第二段讨论,也就是展开问题的各分点。第三段结轮,也就是经过讨论后下结论。第一、三部分都比较好说,一头一尾嘛,容易把握。而主要的主要针对的是文章的讨论部分,它会分几点来叙述将要说明的事情,而这几点又是由某些顺序来组织的：

我们认为通常有3类：

1. 时间顺序。在叙说一个事物史的发展的时候,通常是采取时间渐进的方式来叙述。先怎么样,再怎么样,最后怎么样。

2. 空间顺序。在介绍一个事物的时候,也会采用空间移动的顺序。里面怎么样,外面怎么样,前面怎么样,后面怎么样,上面怎么样,下面怎么样。

3. 好坏顺序。在介绍新产品的时候,往往会先说它的几个优点,然后再说它缺点。在介绍某种现象的时候,也会先说它带来的好处,再说它的坏处。

注意：对于分类,也许还不太完善。也许不太合理,也许还有其他的遗漏。而且有的时候,文章通常会是两种顺序交叉或者交替进行。其实不管怎么样分,听的过程中主要是听清分点和结构,提供的这些顺序,只是帮助大家记忆的。

我们在听文章的时候就得抓住如上重点,听完后得知道文章说了哪几点,是采取什么顺序来组织的。

当听出文章的结构来后,我们自然能把握好文章的主题,这样topic题和尾巴题就不在话下了,而对于做细节题,也同样非常有帮助的。因为大家知道,toefl是顺序出题的,了解了结构,对于第几题对应那个段,自然是非常清楚。

当然,做好听结构的工作,需要大家多多练习,了解清楚常出现的几种文章结构,加以总结归纳。熟悉套路后,听起来就更加得心应手。

基本语音知识不扎实

(1)由于语音知识不扎实,不能在多次的“听”“写”反复过程中自我解决问题,不能自我发现和纠正差错。实践表明,对英语水平不高的初学者来说,一段录音不是一次听写就能完成的,前几遍的听写记录一般会有不少空白(听不出来是什么)和差错(有的自以为正确地听写出来,其实却是错的)。这些空白和差错,需要经过不断的“听”“写”反复去发现和纠正。由于语音知识不扎实,往往 “听”“写,错了也发现不了。

由于语音知识不扎实,即使把一句话全部正确地听写出来,也搞不清楚文法关系,分不出主句和从句,因而搞不懂原意。例如有这样一段话：theyhear voices that are not there。这句活的文法并不复杂。主句是they hear voices(他们听见声音),that are notthere是一个定语从句,形容voices。整个句子的意思是：“他们在没有声音的地方听到声音”。有的初学者由于搞不清楚that are notthere的文法作用,把整个句子理解为：“他们不在的时候听到声音”,理解完全不正确。

听写过程中要有意识地锻炼根据内容和语感进行分段、断句和加注标点符号的能力。能不能根据录音进行正确的分段、断句和加注标点符号,是英语水平的一个方面。一般水平比较低的人写出来的记录,往往不分句,不分段,严重影响对于内容的理解,也难以发现差错。也许有人会问,只有录音没有文本,怎么知道分的段、断的句和加的标点符号是对的呢？其实这个问题并不难解决,只要自己分的段、断的句和加的标点符号不影响对于消息内容的理解,一般说来就是可以接受的。如果还没有把握,可以请英语水平高的人帮助检查一下,看看是不是正确,如果不正确,就要很好的分析和总结。也可找一些自己没有学过的教学录音带来听,先不看文字记录,听写完毕以后再与记录对比,看看自己分段、断句和加标点符号的准确性如何。如果有条件进入internet,可以从该网下载(download)相应的内容,然后与自己的听写记录对比。如果自己在分段、断句和加标点符号等大体上都是正确的,说明自己已经有了相当的英语水平了。

托福考试中素来都有“得听力者得托福”的说法,可见听力在托福考试中的重要地位。但却有很多同学因为听力的缘故在托福考试中败北,那么究竟是什么成了同学们听力取得高分的障碍了呢？我综合课上练习中学员易出错的地方及课后同学们的提问总结如下：

记笔记的问题

任何一个对ibt考试有所了解的人都知道在听力考试中是要凭借自己的笔记来答题的,因为听的过程中看不到题目,而且题目是一个一个出现的。其他的考试,在听力录音开始播放前就让大家看到了考试题目,所以聪明的中国考生可以去联系上下题干猜出很多题目。但ibt考试与其有很大的不同,做笔记在新托福ibt的考试中相当的重要,笔记是答题的基础和前提。具体怎样做呢？我现在提出自己的方法给大家参考,也是我在课上反复给学生强调的。首先要写有用、有追忆性的部分,而且要英汉结合。其次是利用符号线条曲线画图的方式记录内容。总之只要自己看得懂就行。最后是写越少完整单词越好。希望大家在平时的练习中就要不断地锻炼、提高自己记笔记的能力！

词汇、习语的问题

任何语言的考试都离不开词汇的积累,新托福ibt考试也不例外,但它往往考的不是这个单词本身的意思,而是这个单词在特定语境中的含义。所以并不是说大家没有背过这个单词,而是你可能不了解这个一词多意单词的其他意思或是不理解这个俚语究竟是什么意思,比如：on edge=very nervous；dog beat=very tired;这个时候千万不要望文生义,一定要平时在练习中多多积累！

另外一定要知道一些ibt特有的否定句或是肯定句型：例如在ibt听力中“i doubt it… ”是怀疑表否定的内容；“i suspect…”是怀疑表肯定的内容；“you can say that again…”是绝对的肯定句,这些大家在平时的练习中都要做多多的总结！

这两点没有捷径,只有靠大家平时多积累、多总结,只有这样,才能真正地提高你的听力水平！

在这里,与大家一起共勉新托福ibt听力考试障碍因素及解决的办法,希望对大家有所帮助！fight！大洋彼岸的那盏灯永远为辛苦奋斗的你而长明！

听力考试属于英语考试中的一种常见类型,它也因其自身的考查方式及特点而与阅读、写作等类型的题目有所区别。在听力部分的考试中,所有的信息源都在音频形式的听力材料中,而且音频材料转瞬即逝,因此,考生需要采取积极的应对措施并细化成具体的备考步骤,以便提高获取信息的效率。下面将就托福听力的备考步骤进行一定的介绍。

第一,在实际的听力考试中,每段材料只读一遍,而且在有些题目中,考生只有在材料播放完之后才能看到题目,这就需要在听音的同时,及时地做好笔记,在理解的基础上,记录下材料中的重点及可能会考查到的细节内容,此外,在记笔记的过程中,要做到条理清晰、书写尽量工整、提倡使用一些自己惯用的缩写和图形来表达,提高记笔记的效率,并能够为答题时候高效准确地提取信息打下良好的基础。最后,在能够看到题目后,可以根据之前记录下的笔记内容来辅助答题,当然,如果对听力材料的内容理解不是特别充分,或者对可能考查的重点及细节把握不够,都会造成听完材料之后却对题目不知如何着手,这就要求我们在听材料的过程中,除去对材料本身的理解把握及记录之外,还应该注意对话中谈话双方对所谈论内容的观点及态度,从而从整体上感知材料,形成对材料的整体的全面的把握。

第二,在听写类型的题目中,可以听一句写一句,听力基础能力较好的同学可以听和写同时并行,在记录下已听懂内容的同时,注意力还应该主要集中在对正在播放的录音的把握上,这一过程中,就需要备考者应该能有足够的语言功底,能够潜意识地将听出来的内容拼写出来,从而为听懂正在播放内容的过程提供更多的思维空间。此外,在这一部分中,备考者还需要使手耳处于高度的紧张状态,并能够做到双方并行不悖、双管齐下。

第三,在进行完练习之后,应该要能够以一种积极客观的心态面对答题情况,核对答案,并用红笔进行改正,找出自己的弱点,有针对性地做反复练习,以实现真正的提高。

第四,在经历以上步骤之后,备考者可以对听力材料及听力原题目进行精读,标注好生单词的发音及语义,并对可能考查到的重点及细节内容进行推测,并熟悉听力考试中的规律及模式,从而对以后的听音过程提供更多的应对策略。此外,备考者还可以进行跟读模仿,使自己的语音、语调、语速尽量与听力原材料接近,从而更好地理解听力内容,也会对之后的听音过程大有裨益。

以上,就是在托福听力的备考过程中为大家推荐的备考步骤。

21,hold down——胜任 保有(一份工作)

-holding down a job, going to class, studying sometimes can become too much for one person

take it easy

22,hardly ever ——几乎从来没有

-do you ever get as much as a foot of snow here? 这下过一英尺的雪吗

hardly ever

-we hardly ever see them here

23,have a way with——有天赋,能够领导,说服或影响

-bonnie really has a way with waltz words bonnie真会说话

24,have one eye on——看着,想着

-the lecture this morning was so boring

ill say, i had one eye on the clock the whole time

25,have ones hands full——非常繁忙

-can you take over for me here i have a client coming to see you

well, i cant im kind of(有点,相当于sort of ) have my hands full

26,head and shoulders above——在某方面强于某人

-in computer porcine? is head and shoulders above the rest of us

27,help oneself——自取所需

-george helped himself to another piece of pie

28,help sb with sth ——帮助某人做某事

-i dont imagine that you would have time to help me this

as it happens, i would

29,hang up ——挂断电话

-did you get cut off?

no they are asking to hang up and try again later

30,hold on ——等一等,停一下

-if i dont find my wallet pretty soon, i am going to have to report it stolen

hold on, before you call campus security office, have you checked your car or your jacket pocket everywhere

31,hold up——阻碍,中断,耽搁

-have the parts we need for the copier复印机 arrived yet

i ordered them last week, but somethings holding them up

-its already ten oclock; i guess bob and amy wont be coming to the party

they called at nine to say that theyd been held up

-i am really sorry my article didnt make the deadline

i guess that held up everything, ah

well, not exactly, but i wouldnt look for期待 it in this months newsletter——支撑,承受,负担

-i really like your luggage

it looks nice but it hasnt held up well

32,if only——要是 .....就好了

-if only this rain would stop

-if only youd told me sooner

-if i only saved more money

-if only hed drive more slowly

-if only i paid attention in class

33,in a little while——不久,立刻

-ill have this finished in a little while

34,in charge ——负责,掌管

-did he put anyone in charge of fund raising?

-i was in charge of grading all the problems sets the words that were assigned as homework

35,in good shape ——状态良好

-before we play again, i am going to buy a good tennis racket

your shoes arent in very good shape either

36,in no time——立即,不久

-he shall be here in no time at all

37,in the red ——赤字,负债

-so far the club is about three hundred dollars in the red, and we still have four month to go before membership renewal交会费

well, we may have to raise our dues 提高会员费 dues(应付款) due(应得物,)

38,in the dark——一无所知

-do you have any idea what this notice is about?

i am as in the dark as you are

39,in spite of ——尽管

-in spite of himself, he couldnt stop eating

在托福听力考试的时候,有一些词汇总是会让我们误会它的意思。我们都把这些词叫做疑难词组,本站网托福频道近期将给大家带来托福听力疑难词组集合系列,大家拭目以待吧。

40,its who you know that counts——认识的人起作用

-did you hear that greg got a job in his uncles law office?

like they say, its who you know that counts

41,is ice cold ——理所当然

-does professor ford always come to class?

is ice cold?

42,it never fails——总是发生

-it never fails; plan a big picnic and it sure to rain

-it never fails its raining hard outside and i am stark stuck 来自 stick 阻延或推迟 without an umbrella (困在里面)

id like to let you have mine, but i have to go out soon

43,inside out ——里朝外

-here i am, i am lucky i made it to the exam on time

i can see you are in a hurry; you are wearing your sweater inside out

44,keep an eye——留意

-one of the members of the dormitory counselor is quitting, do you know of anyone who would be interested in and taking her place?

i am not sure, but ill certainly keep an eye on for you

45,keep from——抑制,防止

-no one could keep him from speaking

46,keep track of——掌握..的线索,注意动向,通晓世态

-you certainly have a lot clocks there seems to be one in every room

my family gives them to me because i have trouble keeping track of the time

47,knock oneself out ——使自己筋疲力尽

-gorier has been knocking herself out on that project

48,last ——最不情愿的

-the last person i want to see is jeff

-would you like to come mountain climbing with us?

thats the last thing in the world i ever want to do

-i thought paul might be able to help me figure out this computer program

paul is about the last person id ask if i were you

49,lay off ——临时解雇,暂时辞退

-i got some bad news today

the store where i work is laying off staff

are they going to let you go?

50,leave much to be desired——不令人满意,有待改善

-well dietitians(营养学家) work hard to offer students nutritious and well-balanced diet

many of our young men and women claimed that brandy bramley food like most dorm food leaves

much to be desired

51,light up ——突然快活,高兴起来

-those flowers light up the whole room

52,like apples and oranges ——用来表示无法相比的事物

-which game do you think is more difficult to learn, chess or bridge

they are like apples and oranges

53,look for a needle in a hay stack——大海捞针

-we are supposed to meet john here at the train station

thats like looking for a needle in a hay stack (干草堆)

54,live by oneself——独自一人生活

-mary said she wanted to live by herself

55,line up ——准备停当,计划安排

-i have this great job lined up to manage the closing door clothing store at them all at the mall.——排列起来,排成队

-look at all those cars lined up for the ferry (等待摆渡); there must be forty ahead of us

yeah, i think its going to be a while

56,look forward to——盼望,期待

-i am really looking forward to the picnic tomorrow

if we are lucky well have some sun this year for a change

57,look up to ——把某人当作好榜样模仿, 尊重,尊敬

-dianna looks up to her teacher

-i hear your older sister is on the olympic team and on the honors list; she must be quite a person

she sure is, ive always looked up to her

58,look over ——检查,查看

-the professor asked us to look over our papers for mistakes

59,look into ——调查,审查,研究

-martin is looking into the possibility of getting alone getting a loan(贷款)

80,on the dot =准时,正点

-did you and a manamandareally meet exactly five minutes to two in front of the theater?

yes, we were both there on the dot

81,on earth =究竟,到底

-how on earth can you believe that?

82,on end = 连续,没完没了的

-did linda ever finish that introductory chapter?

i am not sure; she spent hours on endrewriting it

83,on ones own =独立的,凭自己的力量

-she learned to use the computer on her own

84,on sale =减价

-did you buy any of the sweaters that were on sale?

buy any, i got five of them, there were such a good bargain

85,on campus =在校内

-michel is the most talented actor on campus

isn’t he though?

86,on the side =兼职,副业

-he has a job on the side preparing a libratory every day for the next experiments

87,once and for all =最后一次,干脆

-i am going to tell that neighbor of mine to turn down that music once and for all

i see why you are angry, but ive always found that the polite route is the most effective

88,out of =缺乏,没有

-id like to buy a copy of professor franklins book on shelvesshells(贝壳)

i am very sorry, that you’ve been out of print for some time now

-the bookstore is out of textbooks for france 102

-how can we be out of salt, i bought them only last week

-the bookstore is out of lined notebook paper 划线的笔记本

89,out of business =停止,停产

-the supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going

out of business

sounds like an idea time to stock up on coffee

90,out of earshot = 不在听力所及范围

-hey, joe, joe, save your breath

he’s out of earshot

91,out of it =神情恍惚,心不在焉

-peters really out of it these days

yeah i know, ever since he met anne, he’s been in another world

92,out of ones mind =神经失常

-gerry says hes planning to take an extra course this term

he’s got to be out of his mind

93,out of place =场合不合适,不合时宜,不恰当

-just look at that new dormitory, the modern architecture seems so out of place among all the older buildings

94,pick up =1,中途搭人或带货

-have you picked up your id card from the office yet?

no the camera for taking photos was broken

-should we ask paul to pick up our clothes at the dry cleaners?

why not, it’s right on his way home

-professor corks said you could pick up your term paper today at her office

so shes graded it

-i hope you had a chance to pick up those financial aid papers

i thought i get day to do it later

-i thought you were picking david up at the airport

how could air on tuesday night

-id like to pick this film up by four-tomorrow afternoon

i can have it for you at two if you like

-im going to the vegetable stand(蔬菜店) today, can i pick up anything for you

no thanks; i just came back from the market myself

-we’ve got a whole hour before the browns come to pick us up

yeah, but we better get moving

-i am going to the snack bar for a couple of coffee

would you like me to bring you back something?

not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me

= 2,拾起,捡起

-one team will pick up litter in the picnic area and jogging trail and one will dig out

garbage found in the sallowshallow (浅的)waters of the lake itself

=获得,学会

-i know lorry play the piano but i didnt know she plays the guitar

neither did i, it seems she just picked it up on her own over the summer

95,out of the question =不可能的,办不到的

-could i hand in my paper a few days late?

i am afraid thats out of the question

96,out of this world =非常好

-have you tried susans apple pie?

i got the last piece, and it was out of this world

97,pass up =错过

-i was going to ?念错了 work on my thesis a lotin july, but i m sure my advisor wouldnt want me to pass up this opportunity

98,pay off =证明是成功的,有好处的或值得的

-what a wonderful performance, the marching band has never sounded better

thanks; i guess all those hours of practice are finally paying off

99,out of steam =没有力气,泄气,渐渐停止

-let’s jog for another mile

ill try, but i am running out of steam

100,put on =排练,创作,安排

-i think ill put on some music now

what do you have, i am a classical music fan

101,point out =指出,提起注意,说明

-the first thing id like to point out is that the workbook contains of a very large

amount of material far more than you could ever handle in a single semester

102,pull away =开始走或行使

-wasnt that the city bus thatthatd just pulled away?

103,push ones luck =愚蠢的冒险,靠运气成功

-if professor thomason was willing to give us a three-day extension to finish the project, maybe hell give us a few more days

let’s not push our luck, marry, ok

104,put away =把....收起来,放好

-is there a bus i can get to the station?

there is, but you cant rely on it, i all give you a ride if you can wait while i put

these things away

105,play by ear =随机应变,看情形而定

-muddy, are you drawingdoingsomething special for your presentation in political science

tomorrow

not really, because the class so often turns into a discussion, i’ve decided to play by

ear

106,put up =做,从事,进行

-the city is going to tear down those old houses and put up a new shopping center

=为某人安排住宿,安排房间

-my company is flying me out to hawaii on business next week

that’s great, where are they putting you up

107,put up with =迁就,忍受

-from now on, i refuse to put up with your silliness

108,race through =快速奔跑

-kevin race through the station, afraid hed missed the train

109,race the roof = 喧闹或鼓掌欢呼等,声音震耳欲聋

-i borrowed peters favorite pen, and now ive lost it

when he finds out, he will really raise the roof

110,really nothing to it = 没什么大不了

-i can run this projector, that’s really nothing to it

111,return with regrets =婉言拒绝

-i return to the party invitation with regrets

112,ring a bell =令人想起某件事,听起来耳熟

-that name just doesnt ring a bell with me

113,rush hour =交通高峰期

-why dont we drive down town now?

wouldn’t it be better to wait until rush hour?

114,run out of =用光,耗尽

-remember to bring along two or three pens in case you ran out of ink

-cathy is running out of time on her project

-it looks as though weve run out of computer paper

116,run up against =遇到某人或某事

-have you run up against any problem in getting you visa renewed?

not yet

117,run into =陷入,受到影响

-if you run into any problem, please feel free to stop in 顺便访问