emerge——to comesintosexistence发生使出现=appear, spring up

embed——to cause to be an integral part of a surrounding whole包埋=encase to enclose in or as if in a case把…装箱

elaborate——to become elaborate变得复杂=complicate to make or become complex or perplexing使复杂或令人困惑

elaborately——planned or executed with painstaking attention to numerous parts or details精心制作的=done in great detail

fuse——to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend.熔合=combine

furnish——to supply; give供应;提供=provide

fragment——a small part broken off or detached.碎片=piece a portion or part that has been separated from a whole

forbid——to command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit严禁=ban

forage——to wander in search of food or provisions搜索粮食=feed to give food to; supply with nourishment给予食物

float——to move from place to place, especially at random漂移=drift along

fertile——rich in material needed to sustain plant growth肥沃的=rich abounding, especially in natural resources肥沃的;丰富的

faction——asgroupsof persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a larger group小集团=side one of two or more opposing individuals, groups, teams, or sets of opinions派

graze——to feed on (herbage) in a field or on pastureland放牧=feed

gorgeous——dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent耀眼的;美丽的;眩目艳丽的=magnificent, beautiful

global——of, relating to, or involving the entire earth; worldwide全球的=worldwide

give way to ——让路,让步=be replaced by,=turnsintos

genetic——affecting or affected by genes影响基因的或被基因影响的=heredity the genetic transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring遣传

gap——an opening in a solid structure or surface; a cleft or breach豁口=opening a breach or an aperture缺口

house——a structure serving as a dwelling for one or more persons, especially for a family房屋=dwelling,

to contain; harbor收容;隐藏=contain to have within; hold包含;容纳

homogeneous——uniform in structure or composition throughout同质的=uniform unvaried in texture, color, or design均质的

herald——to proclaim; announce公布;宣布=announce

heritage——something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition遗留物,传统=tradition

harshness——being extremely severe or exacting; stern严厉=acid biting, sarcastic, or scornful尖刻的

harness——to bring under control and direct the force of统治,管理,支配=utilize to put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use for利用

hail——to greet or acclaim enthusiastically喝彩=acclaim

integrate——to makesintosa whole by bringing all parts together; unify使结合=unify

integral——essential or necessary for completeness; constituent必须的;应有的=essential basic or indispensable; necessary基本的,必须的

institution—— an established organization or foundation, especially one dedicated to education, public service, or culture机构=establishment a public or private institution, such as a hospital or school私人或公共机构

insight——the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration洞察力=understanding the faculty by which one understands; intelligence理解力

inspire——to affect, guide, or arouse by divine influence使受神灵的;感召的=fire the imagination of

ingredient——an element in a mixture or compound; a constituent成份=component a constituent element, as of a system成分系统的组成要素

inhabit—— to live or reside in居住=occupy to dwell or reside in居住

inhabitant——one that inhabits a place, especially as a permanent resident居民=resident

inhibit——to hold back; restrain抑制;限制=hinder to interfere with action or progress阻碍,= curb to check, restrain, or control as if with a curb; rein in抑制

innumerable——too numerous to be counted; numberless无数的=countless

influx——a mass arrival or incoming汇集=arrival

inevitably——impossible to avoid or prevent必然的,不能规避或避免的=unavoidably

inclination——a characteristic disposition to do, prefer, or favor one thing rather than another; a propensity爱好去做=preference the state of being preferred偏爱

inadequate——not adequate to fulfill a need or meet a requirement; insufficient不足的=deficient, insufficient

impose——to apply or make prevail by or as if by authority强制实行=demand to ask for urgently or peremptorily要求迫切或专横要求

implement——a tool or an instrument used in doing work工具=tool

immunity——the quality or condition of being immune免除,免疫=protection

illustrate——to provide (a publication) with explanatory or decorative features图解=picture to make a visible representation of展示

identify——to ascertain the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of确认=spot to detect or discern, especially visually; spy辩认

jolt——to disturb suddenly and severely; stun震惊=shock something that jars the mind or emotions as if with a violent, unexpected blow.震惊

myth——a fictitious story, person, or thing传说=legend an unverified story handed down from earlier times, especially one popularly believed to be historical传说

noxious——harmful to living things; injurious to health有害的=harmful

narrate——to give an account or a description叙述或描绘=recount to narrate the facts or particulars of详细叙述

over taxed——税收过高的=heavily burdened负担沉重的

outbreak——a sudden increase突然发生=beginning the act or process of bringing or being broughtsintosbeing; a start开端

originate——to comesintosbeing; start出现;开始=initial, genesis, pioneer

to bringsintosbeing; create创造=invent,

puncture—— to pierce with a pointed object刺用带尖的物体穿透=pierce

quaint—— odd, especially in an old-fashioned way离奇的=odd, bizarre strikingly unconventional and far-fetched in style or appearance; odd古怪的

protrude—— to jut out; project突出;伸出=project to extend forward or out; jut out突出

prospect—— something expected; a possibility期待被期望的某物;可能性=possibility

prosperity—— the condition of being prosperous繁荣=wealth the state of being rich; affluence富裕

proponent—— one who argues in support of something; an advocate倡导者=supporter

property—— a characteristic trait or peculiarity, especially one serving to define or describe its possessor特性=characteristic,

a piece of real estate地产;不动产=estate

proper—— characterized by appropriateness or suitability; fitting恰当的=suitable, correctly

promising—— likely to develop in a desirable manner有前途的;有希望的=likely apt to achieve success or yield a desired outcome; promising有希望的

prominent—— widely known; eminent著名的=distinguished characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent卓越的

proliferation—— to grow or multiply by rapidly producing new tissue, parts, cells, or offspring增生,增殖=multiply to breed or propagate繁殖或增殖

prevail—— to be in force, use, or effect; be current正在用的,有影响的;现行的=dominate

prevailing—— most frequent or common; predominant普遍的;有优势的=most frequent

primal—— of first importance; primary最重要的;主要的=key, principal first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief重要的,首要的

primarily—— of first importance; primary最重要的;主要的=mainly for the most part; chiefly.大部分地;主要地

prehistoric—— of, relating to, or belonging to the era before recorded history史前的=ancient

roll back-reduce把…压到标准水平-降低,减少

roughly-approximately大约-大概

secure-acquire弄到,获得-获得

secure-safe安全的-安全的

set-establish设置-建立

settle-locate定居-坐落

shy away from-avoid躲避-躲避

since-because因为-因为

site-location地点-位置

skilled-expert熟练的-熟练的

skyrocket-increase rapidly快速上升-迅速增加

sole-only唯一的-唯一的

sort out-separate区分-分离

spot-identify发现-确定,鉴别

story-tale故事-故事

strategy-scam/trick诡计-诡计/诡计

strength-basis力量的源泉-基础

stress-emphasize强调-强调

stringent-strict严格的-严格的

struggle-competition挣扎-竞争

succinct-concise/terse简短的-简明的/简短的

supposed-seeming假定的-表面上的

supremacy-dominance至高无上-优势

suspend-hang悬挂-悬挂

tangle-twist/jumble纠缠-缠绕、使混乱

tempting-attractive吸引人的-吸引人的

thankful-grateful感谢-感激

uniform-integrate统一-整合

unique-particular独一无二的-独特的

vary-differ改变-与…不同

vast-large宽广的,巨大的-巨大的

vibrate-convulse震动-震动

vigilant-alert警惕的-警惕的

virtually-actually/practically/almost实质上(几乎)-实际上(几乎)/实际上(几乎)/几乎

meticulous-careful谨小慎微的,过分注意细节的-小心的

milestone-significant development里程碑-重大的发展

minuscule-tiny微小的-微小的

minute-tiny微小的-微小的

monopolize-dominate垄断-支配

moreover-furthermore进一步说-进一步说

myriad of-many无数的-许多的

nevertheless-however然而-然而

novel-innovative新颖的-创新的

outline-summarization概要-概述

outstanding-excellent出类拔萃的-很好的

peak-maximum顶峰-最大值

peculiar-distinctive独特的-独特的

pertinent-relevant相关的-相关的

phenomenon-event现象-事件

pick up-follow沿着-沿着

picture-imagine/describe想象,描写-想象/描写

ponder-meditate沉思-沉思

ponderous-heavy笨重的-沉重的

pore-hole孔-洞

position-location位置-位置

potential-possible潜在的-可能的

prefer-favor倾向,喜欢-喜欢

preoccupation-involvement全神贯注-全神贯注

preside over-manage掌管-掌管

prominent-prestigious卓越的-著名的

rapid-swift快速的-迅速的

rather-instead相反-相反

readily-easily容易地-容易地

realization-awareness认识到-认识到

reap-gain收获-获得

reckless-irresponsible不负责任的-不负责任的

relate-connect与…有关-与…有关

reliance-dependence依靠-依靠

remarkable-extraordinary非凡的-非凡的

托福阅读词汇精选：

disseminate-spread/impart/inform传播-散布/传播/传播

distinct-different截然不同的-不同的

distinct-obvious明显的-明显的

distinct-separate分别的,截然不同的-分离的

distinction-difference区别-差别

draw-attract吸引-吸引

embrace-welcome(欣然)接受-欢迎

embrace-recipient接受者-接受者,收件人

enable-allow使能够-允许

end-goal目的-目的

entomb-trap埋葬-使陷于…之中

eradicate-eliminate根除-清除

execute-create(按计划和设计)做成,制成-创造

expedient-makeshift权宜之计-权宜之计

exponential leaps-rapid increases几何级数般的跳跃-快速增加

expose-uncover揭露-揭露

first rank-highest quality顶级的-最高档次的

fixture-commonplace object固定设备-常规物体

flatter-compliment奉承-赞美

frame-pose给…设框-使摆好姿势

fundamental-basic基本的-基本的

glow-shine发光-发光

hard-firm坚硬的-坚硬的

hemisphere-side半球-一侧

incise-carve切割-雕刻

ingot-a block of metal金属锭-一块金属

initially-at first最初-第一

instance-case案例-案例

instantaneous-immediate立杆见影的-立即的

intervention-influence干涉-影响

inviting-attractive吸引人的-吸引人的

lament-complain about令人对…感到遗憾-抱怨

lure-attract引诱-吸引

maneuver-trick策略,花招-诡计

margin-edge边缘-边缘

surging—— to increase suddenly. used of electric current or voltage猛增=accelerating

surpass—— to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed胜过=exceed, outrun

sustain—— to keep in existence; maintain继续生存;维持=maintain

sustenance—— something, especially food, that sustains life or health营养物,尤指食物=fare food and drink; diet食物和饮料

means of livelihood生计=livelihood

supplement——something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole补充物,用来完成某事、补充不足、扩展或加强=extension

an addition that increases the area, influence, operation, or contents of something扩大

supreme——greatest in importance, degree, significance, character, or achievement最重要的=outstanding

succinct——characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse简明的=concise

sufficient——being as much as is needed充足的=adequate

sumptuous——of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish豪华的;花费奢侈的=luxurious

substantial——considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent有重大价值的=considerable worthy of consideration; significant重要的

substitute——one that takes the place of another; a replacement代用品=replacement, in place of代替

subsidize——to assist or support with a subsidy以津贴补助=finance to supply funds to给…提供资金

subtle——so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive纤细的,细小的=slight

submit——提出,提交=present提出;呈递

subsidy——monetary assistance granted by a government to a person orsgroupsin support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest补助金=financing融通资金

subject to ——在……条件下;易受……的侵袭;受控制=expose to, susceptible to

stretch——a continuous or unbroken length, area, or expanse连续不断的长度,地区或空间=span the extent or measure of space between two points or extremities, as of a bridge or roof; the breadth跨度两点或两端间的空间

strike——to engage in a strike against an employer罢工=walkout

to come to; attain来到;到达= make contact with

striking—— arresting the attention and producing a vivid impression on the sight or the mind.惹人注目的=prominent immediately noticeable; conspicuous显眼的

stringent—— imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe严格的=strict

stimulus—— something that incites or rouses to action; an incentive激发物=motivate

strain ——to pull, draw, or stretch tight拉紧=tension the act or process of stretching something tight拉紧

stationary—— not capable of being moved; fixed不能被移动的;固定的=fixed, immobile

status——position relative to that of others; standing地位=standing

sticky——shavingsthe property of adhering or sticking to a surface; adhesive粘的=adhere, cement

staple—— a basic or principal element or feature主要成分,基本成分=basic element

sommething used to preserve, especially a chemical added to foods to inhibit spoilage防腐剂=maintain to keep in an existing state; preserve or retain保持

preside over——管理,主管=manage

prestige—— a persons high standing among others; honor or esteem威望;尊重或敬佩=honor

predecessor—— one who precedes another in time, especially in holding an office or a position.前任;an ancestor; a forebear祖先;祖宗=forerunner one that precedes, as in time; a predecessor前任;an ancestor; a forebear祖先;祖宗

predominantly—— most common or conspicuous; main or prevalent最主要的;最普通的=primarily

precede—— to come, exist, or occur before in time.先于…=prior to,before

portion—— a section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole部分=part

possess—— to have as property; own持有;拥有to have as a quality, characteristic, or other attribute具有品质、特点=have

potential——shavingspossibility, capability, or power有可能性的=possible

pertinent——shavingslogical, precise relevance to the matter at hand有关系的=relevant

pit—— a natural or artificial hole or cavity in the ground坑=hole

perception—— the capacity for such insight洞察能力=insightful showing orshavingsinsight; perceptive有洞察力的;有悟性的

penetrate—— to enter or force a way into; pierce.穿过,刺入=go through

patron—— a customer, especially a regular customer顾客=customer

particle—— a very small piece or part; a tiny portion or speck一小份儿或一小点儿=speck a small spot, mark, or discoloration小斑点,小污点或小瑕疵

pants裤子——trousers裤子

rupture—— the process of breaking open or bursting裂开,突然炸开=burst

rural—— of, relating to, or characteristic of the country农村的=country

rudimentary——being in the earliest stages of development; incipient处于发展的最早阶段的=undeveloped, unsophisticated

rotate——to turn around on an axis or center绕轴或中心转动=turn, swirl

to proceed in sequence; take turns or alternate循环,交替或轮换=alternate

robust—— full of health and strength; vigorous健康和有力的=strong

roam—— to move about without purpose or plan; wander漫游=wander

rigidity—— an instance of being rigid僵化,严厉=stiffness

revise—— to reconsider and change or modify修改,修正=change

retrieve—— to get back; regain.重获;收复;=recover, to get back; regain.重获;收复;重新得到=bring back

to rectify the unfavorable consequences of; remedy. see： recover

restrict—— to keep or confine within limits限制=limit

retain—— to maintain possession of保持=keep

representation—— the state or condition of serving as an official delegate, agent, or spokesperson代表=delegate, stand for

resemble—— to exhibit similarity or likeness to类似=similar

renounce—— to reject; disown拒绝=reject to refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of拒绝

replace—— to take or fill the place of取代=supplant to displace and substitute for (another)取代,代替(另一个)

release—— to free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back; let go松开=give off

refreshing—— pleasantly fresh and different新鲜宜人的,与众不同的=unusual

reflection—— a manifestation or result显示,结果=indicate to suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability of说明,显示,暗示

receptacle—— a container that holds items or matter贮藏器=container

recognize—— to show awareness of; approve of or appreciate赏识=appreciate

rarefy—— to make thin, less compact, or less dense使稀薄=infrequent

rear—— to lift upright; raise直立起;抬高=raise

radical—— departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme极端的=drastic severe or radical in nature; extreme严厉或剧烈的;极端的

symmetrical—— of or exhibiting symmetry对称的=proportionally balanced

synthetic—— produced by synthesis, especially not of natural origin.合成的=formation, integrate

not natural or genuine; artificial or contrived人造的,不自然的=artificial

sow n. 大母猪

spell vt. 1. 招致,带来; 2. 轮班,换班；替班; 3.符咒,咒语。2.吸引力,诱惑力,魔力,魅力。

spoke n. (车轮的)辐条

spot vt. 认出,发现,定位

spring n. 弹簧；泉水 v. 扭伤(腿)

stand v. 忍受；n. 床头柜

standard n. 直立支柱；灯台；烛台,电杆,垂直的水管(电管)。

start v. (船材、钉等)松动,翘曲,歪,脱落。

stem v. 起源于,起因于,(由…)发生,来自 (from out of)。 correct decisions stem from correct judgments. 正确的决心来自于正确的判断。

still n. 蒸馏锅 v. 蒸馏

strain n. 血统,家世；族,种；【生物学】品系,系；菌株；变种,小种。

subscribe v. 同意、赞成

stroke n. 笔画

temper n. (黏土的)黏度；(灰泥的)稠度；

tender v. 正式提出； tender ones resignation 提出辞呈

till: n. 【地质学；地理学】冰碛土(物)

train: n. scheme, trick ; 敲门,绝技

utter: adj. 完全的,十足的

vessel n. 船,舰；飞船

wage v. 实行,进行,发动(战争等) (on against)

way adv.〔美口〕…得多,远为。★与 above, ahead, behind, below, down, off, out, over, up 等副词、介词连用,以加强语气。 way back 老早以前。 way down upon the river thames 在老远老远的泰晤士河边。 way up 还在上面；好得多。 way out of balance 逆差很大很大。

weather vt.【地质学；地理学】〔常用被动语态〕使风化

well n. 井；vt. 涌出,喷出(up/out/forth)

wind n. 肠气,屁；v. 嗅出,察觉,嗅到猎物的气味（winded/winded）；v. (winded/wound) 吹(角笛、喇叭等)。 wind a call 吹哨子(召唤)。v. (wound/wound) 卷绕,缠绕；