把gre阅读懂永远是放在第二位的,而把握文章结构(包括文章类型、段与段之间的关系、甚至句 与句之间的关系)、作者态度则是第一位的,在读文章时要时刻记住这一点,对于文章内涵能读懂就读,不懂也不要强求,否则会造成心理阴影,影响做题,尤其是 现在还有一个月的时间,每次做题都要掐时间做,17分钟,相信自己能行的。下面是一些提高GRE阅读的结构分析方法：

1.一句话只看一遍,充分利用自己的语法知识,时刻把握句子主干,修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览(这里的毫无感觉不是略读,而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解,这四个字需要自己体会)。

2. 做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外,还要标记出并列连接词(如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度 的词(这个比较难,需要自己体会收集),原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线),也不要过多,个人感觉最多 三种(如括号、圆圈、下划线),分别标记原因、转折和其他,不过我自己只用下划线和括号。

3.一定要取舍。我以前的标准是：

a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带itistrue的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来),只看后半个分句;

b)suchas后的内容一律跳过,也用括号括起来,不过我会数数列举的个数,如果是4个,则必出题,其他个数不用管,出题了再回头看;

c)forexample举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了,也要括起来,重点看后面或前面的结论。

d)原因——标志词常为because、since——一律跳过,括起来,只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是resultin和resultfrom,遇到这两个,我在下面划横线做标记。

e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行,其他一律跳过。

f)冒号后一律跳过,冒号下做标记。

g)分号后一律跳过,因为表示并列,内容和前面大体一致,分号做标记,出题的话再回来看。

现在的标准是：上面这些全看,因为速度上来了,但看这些内容时仍然是毫无感觉地看,可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。

当这些内容都做标记后,文章结构就非常清楚了,哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然,定位非常容易。

1. 给定行数题

给定行数,顾名思义,就是在题目中已经明确的给出了所考查内容的行数,题目中所涉及的内容也是有关给定行数所述内容的作用或者相关内容。这就需要考生在做这 类题时,根据题目中所提示的行数,回到原文中去定位。但是有一点需要注意,像这类明确地给出行数地题,通常情况,答案都不在所给定地行数处,也不是给定行 数内容地直接改写,因为出题者不会直接告诉你答案在哪,所以,在做这类题时,除了要根据它所提示的信息,还要结合所给行数的上下文的情况再做选择。

2. 写作用意题

这类题是针对文章某些内容的作用进行的提问,也就是题干中问到的这个具体事物在文章中出现时作者的用意是什么?所有的gre文章都是议论文,作者提到具体的 事物大体上有几种关系：支持、证明、解释或反对某观点,也就是说具体的事物总是和观点发生联系的。通常情况,给定行数题和写作用意题是混合出现的。

上述就是有关gre阅读细节题深度解析介绍,我们也可以从中总结出,定位对解答gre阅读中的细节题起着非常重要的作用,希望大家能够更好的关注此类问题。

between 1970 and 1980, energy consumption by united states industry peaked and then declined, so that by 1980 total industrial use of energy was below the 1970 level even though total industrial output had grown substantially in the same period. industry must have instituted highly effective energy conservation measures in those years to have achieved such impressive results.www.examw.com

which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion of the argument?

(a) many industries switched to the greatest extent possible from high-priced oil to lower-priced alternatives throughout the 1970s.

(b) total residential energy consumption was higher in the united states in 1980 than it had been in 1970

(c) many industrial users of energy had paid little attention to energy conservation prior to 1970.

(d) industrial output grew less rapidly from 1970 to 1980 than it had from 1960 to 1970.

(e) the industries whose production dropped sharply during the 1970s included a disproportionately large number of energy-intensive industries.

(一)基本题型

1、直接事实题(对文章中有明确叙述的内容进行正面提问的题目)

according to the passage/author...the author states that...the author mentions which one of the following as...

做法：同义替换(找原文的语言重复)的三种情况：变换同义词,变换句型,变换同根词词性。

2、取非题/取反题

1)对比题：由强对比语气出的题。a 与b 对立,文中只有a 的特征,问b 的特征,则对a取非即可。

2)改善题：正改善题和负改善题

a)正改善题：虚拟语气+表示正改善的说法=正改善题。做法是回原文中找缺点,然后取非。正改善题的说法有：better, improve, more illuminating/enlightening/convincing/useful

b) 负改善题：虚拟语气+表示负改善的说法=负改善题。做法是回文中找优点,然后取非。负改善的说法有：less illuminating/enlightening/convincing/useful (改善题的变体)改善题的选项特点：1)可能出现极端词汇,2)干扰选项(未取非)。

3、 (in order) to / 举例作用题问法：in order to 或to (优先排除含有例子词汇的选项) 做题技巧：先观察以illustrate或者give an example of开头的选项。标准做法分以下三种情况：a)先结论后举例：for example, for instance, such as, like b)先举例后结论：强因果关系词hence thus therefore c)无任何语言现象：以第一种情况先结论后举例居多。

4、except 题/排除题：由四项小列举出的题和罗马数字题(渐少)做题方法：定位于文中的大/小列举。

5、逻辑题

a、支持题

1)搭桥法：把缺的条件补上断桥识别：推理过程中运用了两次以上的关键词汇。

2)具体事例法：举文中没有说过的例子作为正面论据。

b、反对题

1)釜底抽薪：反对原因

2)抬杠法：反对原文的结论

3)欲擒故纵：反证法。

6、信息题信息题分成可定位的(of, about, concerning, regarding)和不可定位的做法：回文中定位并且用友好语言的同义替换验证。

7、类比题问法：which of the following is most similar to the situation in...?

similar to, analogous, parallel, consistent with

做法：抓住本质特征。

(二)做题注意

四种错误选项：混偏反无

慎 重对待含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项。文字对应法：选项词汇和题干词汇应位于原文同一层次。长选项竖读法：纵向比较所有选项,尤其是开 头。找到相同的语言部分。如果某几个选项中相同语言对这个题有用,那么先看这几个选项;否则,先看其它选项或者这几个选项的差异部分。

(三)文字定位法

1、一般做法：文(主题词)。 题干(主题词)。 文(主题词)(时间分配__四六原则)。

2、排除法不到万不得已不用,将主要时间花在提炼题干上。

3、两种特殊情况：如果题干主题词在文中多次出现,那么先定位在其首次出现之出;如果题干主题词与主题有关,那么先定位在主题句。

以上便是gre阅读理解客观题三大备考方法,gre阅读理解所占比重比较大,尤其新gre考试更加注重逻辑推理能力的考察,所以对于gre考试阅读应该给予长时间的复习。预祝各位考生在gre考试中取得好成绩!

1. 温和的措辞

对 于这个考试来说,学术化就是最大的纲,也是它迥异于托福雅思的纲,雅思托福的命题目的是生活化,而对于gre来说,学术化代表着措辞的规范和温和。对于考 生的意义在于,文章的整体是温和的,文章里面出现的极端的言辞都是要注意的,文章里面的事实都是与我们学术生活共时的,对于过去的追忆和反现实的虚拟状 态,都是非常明显的潜在出题点。尤其是虚拟语气,往往表示应然而非然之状态,很有可能出现负评价,以态度题的方式考察。而一切过分极端的言辞,如绝对的说 法,大多数,比较级尤其是强烈比较级,在文章里的出现要注意,还有一种也是强烈的对比的标志,就是以大写字母标注的时间,指明某时之前或之后,我们称之为 时间强对比。以上总结之,即是三大关系,强对比,因果以及转折。表示这些关系的连词,一律要注意,最好做出标记。而对于题目来说,考生要注意以上说法是在 哪里出现,如果文章有这些强烈的措辞,那么题目当中对应这些段落的选项也有,就很可能是对的,如果选项出现而文章的相应位置没有,则该选项必错。

2. 对于态度的预见

主 题题,态度题如何解决呢?首先我们需要了解gre的评价体系。对于激进的( 进化论)左的(马列)上纲上线的,通常不与支持,对于以政治干涉学术,尤其反对。对于歧视弱者,损害弱者尤其反对,弱者恒强。should, must, should have 等词也是负评价,应然不然。选项中极端的,进行人生攻击的,模棱两可的,谄媚的,马上排除,因为这是学术考试。选项过分极端的副词,也要小心,如表示绝对 的言辞。

3. 如何处理文章

诸 生读此类文章最大误区在于试图读懂,更有甚者,寻求文章之背景,遍寻译文,以期充分理解,虽有燃膏继晷之功,难有吴甲吞楚之效,盖此种文章,非为考生读懂 而设计。更有甚者,仿阅读之结构,言辞,图作文之高分,则更加南辕北辙,缘木求鱼而已。请杀鸡诸位谨记：这是考试,你只有13-15分钟做题,文章不是用 来读懂的,对待难句最好的办法是考虑怎么不读,少读,而不是分析。学术文章特点就是规范,层次清晰,主题明确。我们一定要读出套路,尤其是文章观点的数 量,这个直接关系到主题题怎么出。我们要把每段的层次的连词标记出来,我们还要知道每个层次的主题词是什么,周围有没有否定词(改善题),有没有褒贬的词 (态度题,应用题)。至于例子,也可以考虑不读或者少读,因为gre阅读重点考观点,例子是事实,事实记得越多,混淆信息越多,做题越慢,准确率越低。对于例子,只要记住位置就可以,题目考到再看,不考坚决不看。以观点记例子,以观点分层次,以观点分逻辑关系。

4. 如何看题

首先记住,先文后题。道理很简单,你直接读题,根本读不懂。所以很重要的是搞明白两个问题,这个题目对应文章那个层次,考的是观点还是例子。题型很重要,意义在于告诉你正确选项的特征的如何定位。

1. patel： although enrollment in the regions high school has been decreasing for several years, enrollment at the elementary school has grown considerably. therefore, the regional school board proposes building a new elementary school. quintero： another solution would be to convert some high school classrooms temporarily into classrooms for elementary school students. which of the following, if true, most helps to support quinteros alternative proposal?

(a) some rooms at the high school cannot be con-verted into rooms suitable for the use of ele-mentary school students.(b) the cost of building a high school is higher than the cost of building an elementary school.(c) although the birth rate has not increased, the number of families sending their children to the regions high school has increased markedly.(d) a high school atmosphere could jeopardize the safety and self-confidence of elementary school students.(e) even before the regions high school population began to decrease, several high school class-rooms rarely needed to be used.

2. peter： more than ever before in risland, college graduates with science degrees are accepting permanent jobs in other fields. that just goes to show that scientists in risland are not being paid enough. lila： no, it does not. these graduates are not working in science for the simple reason that there are not enough jobs in science in risland to employ all of these graduates. which of the following, if true in risland, would most undermine the reasoning in peters argument?

(a) the college graduates with science degrees who are not working in science are currently earning lower salaries than they would earn as scientists.(b) fewer college students than ever before are receiving degrees in science.(c) the number of jobs in science has steadily risen in the last decade.(d) a significant number of college graduates with science degrees worked at low-paying jobs while they were in college.(e) every year some recent college graduates with science degrees accept permanent jobs in nonscientific fields.

3.counselor： every year a popular newsmagazine pub-lishes a list of united states colleges, ranking them according to an overall numerical score that is a composite of ratings according to sev-eral criteria. however, the overall scores gen-erally should not be used by students as the basis for deciding to which colleges to apply.which of the following, if true, most helps to justify the counselors recommendation?

(a) the vast majority of people who purchase the magazine in which the list appears are not college-bound students.(b) colleges that are ranked highest in the magazines list use this fact in advertisements aimed at attracting students.(c) the rankings seldom change from one year to the next.(d) the significance that particular criteria have for any two students is likely to differ according to the students differing needs.(e) some college students who are pleased with their schools considered the magazines rankings before deciding which college to attend.

4. a thorough search of edgar allan poes correspon-dence has turned up not a single letter in which he mentions his reputed morphine addiction. on the basis of this evidence it is safe to say that poes reputation for having been a morphine addict is undeserved and that reports of his supposed addiction are untrue. which of the following is assumed by the argumentabove?

(a) reports claiming that poe was addicted to mor-phine did not begin to circulate until after his death.(b) none of the reports of poes supposed morphine addiction can be traced to individuals who actu-ally knew poe.(c) poes income from writing would not have been sufficient to support a morphine addiction.(d) poe would have been unable to carry on an extensive correspondence while under the influence of morphine.(e) fear of the consequences would not have pre-vented poe from indicating in his correspon-dence that he was addicted to morphine.

5. adelle： the governments program to reduce the unemployment rate in the province of carthena by encouraging job creation has failed, since the rate there has not changed appreciably since the program began a year ago. fran： but the unemployment rate in carthena had been rising for three years before the program began, so the program is helping. which of the following, if true, most strongly counters frans objection to adelles argument?

按考到的可能性由高到低排列：

(1)中心思想必考

(2)增减互动关系必考

(3)对照比较点必考,考异性超过了考同性

(4)唯一特征必考

(5)强烈语气必考

(6)修辞提问考的概率较大,自问自答必考

(7)结构解释选考,但引号表示反义时必考

(注释：结构性解释：一般有同位语短语,从句,定语从句或()内的注释)

(8)孤立数字不考,横向和纵向比较的数字必考

(9)并列排比考的概率较大(考except题型及i,ii,iii罗马数字题型)

(10)例证选考

(11)推理过程不考,推理结论必考

(12)体裁风格短文选考,长文章一般不考

宏观中的必读与不读

所谓宏观,即使明确文章结构。再清楚一点说,即使我们要知道主题句的所在位置以及每段大意。

让我们今天来了解一下什么是主题句,ets的阅读文章中主题句通常会以什么形式出现。和中国考生自己写作文不一样的是,美国人的阅读文章中从来都不出现"i think that, in my opinion, as far as i am considered"此类语言做主题句。通常来说美国人的主题句有两种形式：

主题句两种形式：

1. 判断句(含情态动词,系动词,正负褒贬词的句子);

2. 概括文章将来结构。

比如一个句子：your minds changed my attitude. 这句话中并没有情态动词和系动词,因此这句话自然不是判断句,也就不是主题句。但只要在这句话中加入一个正负褒贬词,即一个词表明作者的态度或观点的词即是判断句了。

比如,your minds successfully changed my attitude即是判断句了。另外,如果一个句子不是判断句,只要它能够概括文章将来结构,及文章后面会从哪几个方面来说明,也是主题句。

比如,people are living longer now. 这句话一定不是主题句,而如果这句话是,people are living longer now since the improvement of food condition and the development of medical technology.这句话即是主题句了。因为它概括了文章后面会从哪几个方向来进行说明。

掌握好了主题句判断方法,很多文章学生便可以很快把握文章的结构框架,帮助后面文章的理解。比如一篇文章的开头是,mycorrhizal fungi infect more plants than do any other fungi and are necessary for many plants to thrive, but they have escaped widespread investigation until recently for two reasons. first, the symbiotic association is so well-balanced that the roots of host plants show no damage even when densely infected. second, the fungi cannot as yet be cultivated in the absence of a living root. 第一句是明显的判断句,即为主题句。

而主题句也同时概括了文章的将来结构,即会从m真菌影响力很强和m真菌过去由于两个原因没有得到广泛研究。

下面马上看到了first和second,我们即知道这两个很难读懂的句子无非是两个原因使得m真菌没有得到广泛研究而已,具体是哪两个原因,我们几乎可以忽略不读。

微观中的必读与不读

所谓微观,即使明确句子结构。再清楚一点说,即使我们要知道句子主干大意及和上下文的关系。

说到可以不读的内容,很多同学都会想到插入语可以不用读。可什么是插入语呢?两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语吗?今天,让我们重点来了解一下插入语。首先, 我们知道并不是两个逗号之间的内容一定是插入语,很多同学会被传统的老师所误导,误认为判断插入语只要看是不是逗号间内容在解释逗号前内容即可,可是如果 插入语不读的话,你有时如何知道这是对逗号前内容的解释呢?其实,插入语有两种形式：

插入语两种形式：

1. 对主语说明

________,which / who / n. / prep. / -ing / -ed……,________.

2. 对主语举例

________,such as / especially……,________.

因此,我们只要看到第一个逗号之后紧跟着which / who / 介词 / 动名词 / 动词的过去分词 / such as / especially 的情况或两个逗号间仅有纯粹的名词时,那这从第一个逗号开始到后面最临近的标点符号(逗号或句号)间内容一定是插入语,往往可忽略不读。而我们唯一重点需 要读的只有句子的主、谓、宾。

准备复习时的读与不读

很多同学都会痛苦,复习阅读进步不大,甚至有的时候反而比开始时错的还多。我认为,这主要是学生的复习方法不得当导致的。很多同学在复习准备阅读时,通常会一天一篇文章的做题,这不仅不能帮助你归纳掌握gre阅读技巧,相反是在浪费时间。

最好的复习阅读的方式是开始并不直接读文章做题,在已经掌握了一定量的单词,并强化训练了长难句的基础后,保证集中突破强化复习。即,每天精读6-8篇文 章,大概持续2周左右。所谓精读即清楚了解文章中微观的每一句话的意思及在全文中作用,以及完全明白每一个选项。这样有助于帮助学生总结归纳文章和出题规 律。

科学有效地掌握gre阅读考试技巧,在备考和做题中思路就会更加清晰,做题速度和准确性也会相应提升。同学们在进行新gre阅读理解训练时应多加总结积累经验,不要盲目追求数量,要深知提高新gre逻辑阅读能力不是一日之功,要打好持久战。

1. as my own studies have advanced,i have been increasingly impressed with the functionalsimilarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem,at first glance,to constitute such an immense gulf between them. (5)

随着我的研究不断深入,我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功能类似性印象愈来愈深刻,而对结构上的差异印象愈发淡漠,虽然这些结构上的差异初看上去似乎构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

2. although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.(4)

虽然小说无疑起源于政治情状,但其作者则是以非意识形态的方式对这些政治情状作出反应的,而将小说和故事主要地当作意识形态的工具来探讨,会在相当程度上阻碍小说事业。

3. is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)

这究竟是一种缺陷呢,还是这些作者想要按照一种与众不同的美学体系进行创作,抑或是在试图创立一种与众不同的美学体系?

4. in addition, the style of some black novels, like jean toomer’s cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)

不仅如此,有些黑人小说(比如jt的甘蔗)的风格接近与表现主义和超现实主义;这种技巧是否为流行的主题提供了一个和谐的对应呢?这种主题刻画了黑人注意与之相抗争的命运,这是一个通常用更为自然主义的表现手法所表达的主题。

5. black fiction surveys a wide variety of novels,bringing to our attention in theprocess some fascinating and little-known works like james weldonjohnson’s autobiography of an ex-colored man. (4)注意：bring a to b ——〉bring to b a

《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说, 在此过程中让我们注意到了某些引人入胜但却鲜为人知的作品,如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊(james weldon johnson)的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》(autobiography of an ex-colored man)。

6. although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated,to pass through,they absorb some of the longer-wavelength,infrared emissions radiated from the earth’s surface,radiation that wouldotherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)

虽然这些分子允许可见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透,但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer- wavelength),亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission),这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。

7. the role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictatingthe details of human behavior but oneof imposing constraints—ways offeeling,thinking,and acting that"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)

这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用,不是规定人类行为的种种细节,而是将各种限制强加于人类——即在任何文化的典型情景中都会自然表露的情感、思维、以及行动方式。

8. which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the details versus constraints distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? (5)

以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的人类行为细节相对人类所受限制之间的差异,从人类形态的角度上提供了一个合适的类比?

9. a low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested,but did not prove, that the grazershad removed most of the algae. (3+)

在存在大量食草动物的同时却只有少量的水藻花粉囊,这暗示出——但没能证明——食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

10. perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. (5)

可能这样一个事实,那就是很多这样的最初的研究只是考虑了那些能够用网捞起来的大小的水藻,这样一个忽视了更小的浮游生物(而这些浮游生物我们现在知道是捕食者主要的食物)的做法,导致了在接下来的研究中对于捕食者的作用的贬低。

1、词汇的准备

很多考生在初学gre的时候往往会觉得最大的障碍就是gre词汇,一般来说,阅读需要掌握的单词比考gre所需掌握的单词要少的多(四级以上词汇大约2000个),对词汇的掌握也没有模拟。

反义对词汇的要求深(即只要看到这个词能知道其大意和褒贬态度就可以了)。这些词往往都是些gre阅读专署词汇,且重复率很高,只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。

2、句子理解的准备

读句子,尤其是读长难句,比较容易入手的读法是先找句子的主、谓、宾成分,尤其是谓语动词,很多句子结构复杂,由很多从句组成,一句读下来可能会不解其义,开始读的候侯,如果能句子的主干读起,就能相对容易地把握句子的大意。

举个例子：after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.

试着以寻找句子主干为目的来读上面这句话,这就好比将主谓宾加粗,突出了重点和层次,对句子领会起来就更容易些。

另外,ets将简单句子复杂化通常有其固定的模式, 比如：

1)合并简单句、变简单句为带有从句结构或并列从句结构或多层从句结构的句子;

2)通过否定、双重甚至多重否定增加理解上的困难;

3)将原本分开的句子组合、套用在某固定句式、词组里面;

4)加入插入语来打断读句子的思路;

5)通过将一些成分后置、倒装或者省略来增加难度。读者要想轻松的跳过这些难点,首先要对一些典型的句子进行结构分析,之后还需靠平时的阅读积累,通过一定量的练习熟悉这些句子的结构构成方式,当遇到难以理解的句子时及时总结,分析其结构,从根本上解决所遇障碍,长此以往,进步将不断。