【版本一】

emily dickinson 作为一个卓越的十九世纪小说家,其长久以往一直作为文学评论家们的争论对象,很大一部分的原因是因为其偏离传统的性格：她并不像她同时代的作家那样循规蹈矩,而是经常在自己创造的体裁上面大下文章：比如一些缥缈的段间的下滑线,一些诡异的字体,如此云云。而评论家们的研究难度也因为迪金森一生仅出版了十篇诗篇而变得更加困难重重。然而,最近一位人士(为了方便论述以后称a)发现了迪金森生前的大量手稿,而准备予以出版。a是在进行一项对于迪金森的艺术评价的著作的前期准备中开始着手这项工作的。其中,他煞费苦心地研究了手稿,并以一个新的顺序重新排列了这些诗集,并且规范化了迪金森的换行。

手稿的出版激起了新的研究热浪。很多人,看了手稿后发现,迪金森不仅是位诗人,也是位书法家。她精心安排了诗歌在诗集中的出场顺序,以至于这些顺序本身便是暗含深意的。然而,a却不同意这一看法,认为这些出场顺序与迪金森诗歌的内涵并无联系。但是,另外一位同志,b,认为,迪金森那飘逸的书法,有时候并不是为了满足排版的需要而对某一行诗歌进行的刻意的缩进,实在是和诗歌有内涵联系的。此时,c就不同意了,他认为尽管迪金森书法飘逸,采用不同式的纸张,有的时候追求字体的格式,譬如把"tonight"的两个t都连起来写,但是这不过是和她同时代的作家一样的追求伎俩罢了,与迪金森诗歌的内涵的确没有什么太多的联系。同时他指出,向使迪金森多出版了两本诗集的话,她也会向规范化标准妥协的。这一点其实已经在迪金森生前得到了论证：她曾经同意过当地一家报纸出版她的诗歌,而同时忽略她那篇诗歌的特意的排版,以及她的诗歌中才特有的一些刻意的波折号。

【版本二】

有人在准备关于d的作品时整理了d的诗的手稿,引起了争论smith认为,手稿的字体体现了d的思想,因为blablabla而有人反对这个观点,因为别的诗人热经常写特别的字体。作者说,如果能够有更多的d的诗手稿,就可以得出比较明确的结论后两段研究除了文字,emily dickinson是否也用字体来表达诗歌的主题,有人认为有,有人认为没,没的其中一派说不止ed其他诗人也有很特殊的书写习惯,另一派说ed曾同意报纸(貌似吧)印刷她的诗歌,所以字体没影响。但还有人反对这个,认为如果emily生前有更多诗稿付梓,也会屈从于出版编辑将其特殊写法转为一般用法,并引用了一个情况。//说是有人按主题重新编排了她的未发表的诗。形成了主题。有人(simth)同意,有人不同意。因为书写的什么原因的。

【版本三】

dikens 的诗集。dikens生平发布的诗集很少,直到最近发现了一些那个年代的遗稿。有个研究dikens的人就把那些遗稿收集整理,按照xx顺序出版了。这一出版就招致了很多critics来评论dikens的作品。主要争论有两点：1....(不记得了) 2. 有一些人认为他的字体反映了他作品的主题,有很重要的研究价值,而他的字体风格不仅仅是由纸张啥的决定。令有人认为,他的风格和其他的作家一样,没有什么特别之处。

【版本四】

狄更斯引来热议,尤其是当富兰克林整理了他的一个什么诗集以后。然后后面全部都在说狄更斯的书法如何如何。大家看法不一,有的说是个书法家而不是语言家,有的说书法跟他的作品一点关系也没有哇~

【版本五】

关于那个女诗人的poetry那篇,其实比短的这篇人文历史的好理解,我觉得,段落也比较分明,就是选项的文字和题目都很长。

有一题问了两个相互不同观点的研究者,一个是smith另一个是在他之前紧接着出现的,有关诗人的字迹是否有文学意义的争论。还有一题在这之后,问了那个研究者(smith之前的那个)会赞同以下5个选项的那种观点。还有一题问了dickson的诗歌特别在什么地方,好像是选她的写作风格比较 unconventional之类的意思。

【版本六】

就是说她以前发表的诗歌很少,但是很多没有发表,发表的也是和18世纪传统的不同,他死翘翘了他们家什么亲戚整理那个,发现了一堆什么乱七八糟的稿子,那个什么本杰明就忍辱负重把他们全都编辑出来,

但是她写的字花里胡哨,有的人就说这是和她是个的议题相关的,有的人说不是,那个本杰明觉得不是,觉得不是的说比如很多诗人的t都写得很花

q1: 作者认为两个观点不同在哪? 【认为字体体现诗的意思】

q2: 第二类观点是什么?【字体不代表诗的意思】

q3：作者认为怎样可以解决争端?【有更多的诗被公布出来】

q4：文章没有提到那一点?【d的侄子leave the manuscript intact】

q5：那个手稿是怎样被发表的?【在一个编辑进行preliminary preparation for a scholar book about d】

会有些考生觉得新gre考试的阅读部分难度增加了,这主要是由于新gre阅读需要考生的逻辑反应一定要比以前更快,可能考生还是有点不习惯,或是没有准备充足。

1. 给定行数题

给定行数,顾名思义,就是在题目中已经明确的给出了所考查内容的行数,题目中所涉及的内容也是有关给定行数所述内容的作用或者相关内容。这就需要考生在做这类题时,根据题目中所提示的行数,回到原文中去定位。

但是有一点需要注意,像这类明确地给出行数地题,通常情况,答案都不在所给定地行数处,也不是给定行数内容地直接改写,因为出题者不会直接告诉你答案在哪,所以,在做这类题时,除了要根据它所提示的信息,还要结合所给行数的上下文的情况再做选择。

2. 写作用意题

这类题是针对文章某些内容的作用进行的提问,也就是题干中问到的这个具体事物在文章中出现时作者的用意是什么?

所有的gre阅读文章都是议论文,作者提到具体的事物大体上有几种关系：支持、证明、解释或反对某观点,也就是说具体的事物总是和观点发生联系的。通常情况,给定行数题和写作用意题是混合出现的。

1、词汇

很多考生在初学gre的时候往往会觉得最大的障碍就是单词,一般来说,阅读需要掌握的单词比考gre所需掌握的单词要少的多(四级以上词汇大约2000个),对词汇的掌握也没有模拟。

反义对词汇的要求深(即只要看到这个词能知道其大意和褒贬态度就可以了)。这些词往往都是些gre阅读专署词汇,且重复率很高,只需集中背记一下就可以解决基本问题。

2、句子

读句子,尤其是读长难句,比较容易入手的读法是先找句子的主、谓、宾成分,尤其是谓语动词,很多句子结构复杂,由很多从句组成,一句读下来可能会不解其义,开始读的候侯,如果能句子的主干读起,就能相对容易地把握句子的大意。

举个例子:after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear.

试着以寻找句子主干为目的来读上面这句话,这就好比将主谓宾加粗,突出了重点和层次,对句子领会起来就更容易些。

另外,ets将简单句子复杂化通常有其固定的模式, 比如:

1)合并简单句、变简单句为带有从句结构或并列从句结构或多层从句结构的句子;

2)通过否定、双重甚至多重否定增加理解上的困难;

3)将原本分开的句子组合、套用在某固定句式、词组里面;

4)加入插入语来打断读句子的思路;

5)通过将一些成分后置、倒装或者省略来增加难度。读者要想轻松的跳过这些难点,首先要对一些典型的句子进行结构分析,之后还需靠平时的阅读积累,通过一定量的练习熟悉这些句子的结构构成方式,当遇到难以理解的句子时及时总结,分析其结构,从根本上解决所遇障碍,长此以往,进步将不断。

• question type

  multiple-choice — select one answer choice

  description

  these are traditional multiple-choice questions with five answer choices, of which

• you must select one.

  
  

  tips for answering

  • read all the answer choices before making your selection, even if you think you know the correct answer in advance.
  • the correct answer is the one that most accurately and most completely answers the question posed; be careful not to be misled by answer choices that are only partially true or that only partially answer the question. also, be careful not to pick an answer choice simply because it is a true statement.
  • when the question asks about the meaning of a word in the passage, be sure the answer choice you select correctly represents the way the word is being used in the passage. many words have different meanings when used in different contexts.

  multiple-choice — select one or more answer choices

  description

  these questions provide three answer choices and ask you to select all that are correct; one, two or all three of the answer choices may be correct. to gain credit for these questions, you must select all the correct answers, and only those; there is no credit for partially correct answers.

  tips for answering

  • evaluate each answer choice separately on its own merits; when evaluating one answer choice, do not take the others into account.
  • a correct answer choice accurately and completely answers the question posed; be careful not to be misled by answer choices that are only partially true or that only partially answer the question. also, be careful not to pick an answer choice simply because it is a true statement.
  • do not be disturbed if you think all three answer choices are correct, since questions of this type can have up to three correct answer choices.

  select-in-passage

  description

  these questions ask you to click on the sentence in the passage that meets a certain description. to answer the question, choose one of the sentences and click on it; clicking anywhere on a sentence will highlight it. in longer passages, the question will usually apply to only one or two specified paragraphs, marked by an arrow ( #formatimgid_0# ); clicking on a sentence elsewhere in the passage will not highlight it.

  note: because these questions depend on the use of the computer, they do not appear on the paper-based test. equivalent multiple-choice questions are used in their place.

  tips for answering

  • evaluate each of the relevant sentences in the passage separately before selecting your answer. do not evaluate any sentences that are outside the paragraphs under consideration.
  • a correct answer choice must accurately match the description given in the question; do not select a sentence if any part of the description does not apply to it. however, note that the question need not fully describe all aspects of the sentence.
  s
• 
  

• sample questions

  questions 1 to 3 are based on this passage.

  reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the united states during the 1960s, composer philip glass (born 1937) embraced the ethos of popular music in his compositions. glass based two symphonies on music by rock musicians david bowie and brian eno, but the symphonies sound is distinctively his. popular elements do not appear out of place in glasss classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music. yet this use of popular elements has not made glass a composer of popular music. his music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than theclassics.

  select only one answer choice.

  1. the passage addresses which of the following issues related to glasss use of popular elements in his classicalcompositions?
     1. how it is regarded by listeners who prefer rock to theclassics
     2. how it has affected the commercial success of glasssmusic
     3. whether it has contributed to a revival of interest among other composers in using popular elements in theircompositions
     4. whether it has had a detrimental effect on glasss reputation as a composer of classicalmusic
     5. whether it has caused certain of glasss works to be derivative inquality

  consider each of the three choices separately and select all thatapply.

  1. the passage suggests that glasss work displays which of the followingqualities?
     1. a return to the use of popular music in classicalcompositions
     2. an attempt to elevate rock music to an artistic status more closely approximating that of classicalmusic
     3. a long-standing tendency to incorporate elements from two apparently disparate musicalstyles
  2. select the sentence that distinguishes two ways of integrating rock and classicalmusic.

  explanation

  the passage describes in general terms how philip glass uses popular music in his classical compositions and explores how glass can do this without being imitative. note that there are no opposing views discussed; the author is simply presenting his or herviews.

  question 1: one of the important points that the passage makes is that when glass uses popular elements in his music, the result is very much his own creation (it is distinctively his). in other words, the music is far from being derivative. thus one issue that the passage addresses is the one referred to in answer choice e — it answers it in the negative. the passage does not discuss the impact of glasss use of popular elements on listeners, on the commercial success of his music, on other composers or on glasss reputation, so none of choices a through d iscorrect. the correct answer is choice e.

  question 2: to answer this question, it is important to assess each answer choice independently. since the passage says that glass revived the use of popular music in classical compositions, answer choice a is clearly correct. on the other hand, the passage also denies that glass composes popular music or packages it in a way to elevate its status, so answer choice b is incorrect. finally, since glasss style has always mixed elements of rock with classical elements, answer choice c is correct. thus the correct answer is choice a and choicec.

  question 3: almost every sentence in the passage refers to incorporating rock music in classical compositions, but only the last sentence distinguishes two ways of doing so. it distinguishes between writing rock music in a way that will make it attractive to classical listeners and writing classical music that will be attractive to listeners familiar with rock. thus the correct answer is the last sentence of thepassage.

recent studies of sediment in the north atlantic’s deepwaters reveal possible cyclical patterns in the history of earth’s climate. therock fragments in these sediments are too large to have been transported thereby ocean currents; they must have reached their present locations by travelingin large icebergs that floated long distances from their point of origin beforemelting.geologist gerard bond noticed that some of the sedimentgrains were stained with ironoxide, evidence that they originated in localeswhere glaciers had overrun outcrops of red sandstone. bond’s detailed analysisof deep-water sediment cores showed changes in the mix of sediment sources overtime: the proportion of these red-stained grains fluctuated back and forth fromlows of 5 percent to highs of about 17 percent, and these fluctuations occurredin a nearly regular 1,500-year cycle.bond hypothesized that the alternating cycles might beevidence of changes in ocean-water circulation and therefore in earth’sclimate. he knew that the sources of thered-stained grains were generallycloser to the north pole than were the places yielding a high 30 proportion ofclean grains. at certain times, apparently, more icebergs from the arcticocean in the far north were traveling south well into the north atlantic beforemelting and shedding their sediment. ocean waters are constantly moving, andwater temperature is both a cause and an effect of this movement. as watercools, it becomes denser and sinks to the ocean’s bottom.

during some periods,the bottom layer of the world’s oceans comes from cold, dense water sinking inthe far north atlantic. this causes the warm surface waters of the gulf streamto be pulled northward. bond realized that during such periods, the influx ofthese warm surface waters into northern regions could cause a large proportionof the icebergs that bear red grains to melt before traveling very far into thenorth atlantic. but sometimes the ocean’s dynamic changes, and waters from thegulf stream do not travel northward in this way. during these periods, surfacewaters in the north atlantic would generally be colder, permitting icebergsbearing red-stained grains to travel farther south in the north atlantic beforemelting and depositing their sediment.

the onset of the so-called little ice age (1300-1860),which followed the medieval warm period of the eighth through tenth centuries,may represent the most recent time that the ocean’sdynamic changed in this way. if ongoing climate-history studies support bond’shypothesis of 1,500-year cycles, scientists may establish a major natural rhythmin earth’s temperatures that could then be extrapolated into the future.because the midpoint of the medieval warm period was about a.d. 850, anextension of bond’s cycles would place the midpoint of the next warm intervalin the twenty-fourth century.

21.1. according to the passage, which of the following istrue of the rock fragments contained in the sediments studied by bond?

a. the majority of them are composed of red sandstone.

b. they must have reached their present location over 1,500 years ago.

c. they were carried byicebergs to their present location.

d. most of them were carried to their present location during a warm period inearth’s climatic history.

e. they are unlikely to have been carried to their present location during thelittle ice age.

21.2. in the final paragraph of the passage (lines 27-33),the author is concerned primarily with

a. answering a question about earth’s climatic history

b. pointing out a potential flaw in bond’s hypothesis

c. suggesting a new focus for the study of ocean sediments

d. tracing the general history of earth’s climate

e. discussing possibleimplications of bond’s hypothesis

21.3. according to the passage, bond hypothesized that whichof the following circumstances would allow red-stained sediment grains to reachmore southerly latitudes?

a. warm waters being pulled northward from the gulfstream

b. climatic conditions causing icebergs to melt relatively quickly

c. icebergs containing a higher proportion of iron oxide than usual 31

d. the formation of more icebergs than usual in the far north

e. the presence of coldsurface waters in the north atlantic

21.4. it can be inferred from the passage that in sedimentcores from the north atlantic’s deep waters, the portions that correspond tothe little ice age

a.. differ very little in composition from theportions that correspond to the medieval warm period

b. fluctuate significantly in composition between the portions corresponding tothe 1300s and the portions corresponding to the 1700s

c. would be likely tocontain a proportion of red-stained grains closer to 17 percent than to 5percent

d. show a much higher proportion of red-stained grains in cores extracted fromthe far north of the north atlantic than in cores extracted from further south

e. were formed in part as

gre阅读所占比重比较大,尤其gre考试更加注重逻辑推理能力的考察。因此,做gre阅读理解真题时不能一味追求速度与数量,而应细心雕琢。下面小编为大家推荐几个gre高频阅读机经,希望可以帮助各位考生打开阅读思路,提高新gre阅读能力。

背景介绍：在南亚发现了domesticated rice,然后推测南亚是rice的发源地,然后1985年在中国的长江流域发现了很多 wilder rice的遗址,推测生活在中国的先民有可能更早的驯化了rice。

提出旧理论：rice-farming最早在长江以南出现

提出新理论：认为长江流域的rice-farming可以往前推几百年。最后一段讲,1940年(?)调查的wild-rice其实主要确实是分布在南方, 但是长江流域也有1、2种,所以还是有可能farming在北方也开始很早滴。然后我觉得这篇文章需要把握的就是wilder rice和 domesticated rice。搞清楚谁是野生的,谁是驯化的就可以了。

题目1：三个题考得都是逻辑相关,比如加强消弱什么的。

题目2：最能undermine长江流域水稻是水稻祖宗的?

题目3：作者是怎样利用geological graph还是什么graph来证明它的观点的。应该是从文章最后一段找,但我感觉文中没有直说,要自己推理。选项里好几个都很接近。

since the 1970s, archaeological sites in chinas yangtze river region have yielded evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies that predate signs of rice cultivation elsewhere in east asia by a thousand years. before this evidence was discovered, it had generally been assumed that rice farming began farther to the south. this scenario was based both on the geographic range of wild or free-living rice, which was not thought to extend as far north as the yangtze, and on archaeological records of very early domestic rice from southeast asia and india (now known to be not so old as first reported). proponents of the southern-origin theory point out that early rice-farming societies along the yangtze were already highly developed and that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation is missing. they argue that the first hunter-gatherers to develop rice agriculture must have done so in this southern zone, within the apparent present-day geographic range of wild rice.

yet while most stands of wild rice reported in a 1984 survey were concentrated to the south of the yangtze drainage, two northern outlier populations were also discovered in provinces along the middle and lower yangtze, evidence that the yangtze wetlands may fall within both the present-day and the historical geographic ranges of rices wild ancestor

1. which of the following, if true, would most clearly undermine the conclusion that the author makes based on the 1984 survey?

areas south of the yangtze basin currently have less wild-rice habitat than they once did.

surveys since 1984 have shown wild rice populations along the upper yangtze as well as along the middle and lower yangtze.

the populations of wild rice along the yangtze represent strains of wild rice that migrated to the north relatively recently.

early rice-farming societies along the yangtze were not as highly developed as archaeologists once thought.

in east asia, the historical geographic range of wild rice was more extensive than the present-day geographic range is.

2. based on the passage, skeptics of the idea that rice cultivation began in the yangtze river region can point to which of the following for support?

lack of evidence supporting the existence of rice-farming societies along the yangtze at an early date

lack of evidence regarding the initial stages of rice cultivation in the yangtze region

recent discoveries pertaining to the historical geographic range of rices wild ancestor

new information regarding the dates of very early domestic rice from southeast asia

new theories pertaining to how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture in east asia

3. which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the southern-origin theory?

the theory is based on an unconventional understanding of how hunter-gatherers first developed rice agriculture.

the theory fails to take into account the apparent fact that evidence for the first stage of rice cultivation in the north is missing.

the theory was developed primarily in response to a 1984 survey of wild rices geographic range.

reassessment of the dates of some archaeological evidence has undermined support for the theory.

evidence of sophisticated rice-farming societies in the yangtze region provides support for the theory.

答案：cbd

以上就是关于gre高频阅读机经：长江水稻的文章,各位考生可以进行认真阅读与分析,从中推断出出题人的出题思路,总结出新gre阅读的解题方法。gre阅读中文章结构的把握以及作者的态度始终是最重要的。其次是读懂文章,考生在读gre高频阅读机经时要时刻记住这一点。

1. but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. (4)

但是,要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配,需要某种知识,即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合——而对这一领域,我们尚未进行充分的探索。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解 释：本句这样的复杂修饰和插入语的作用差不多;主语achieving necessary matches之后的修饰成分in physical properties across interfaces between living and nonliving matter把主语和谓语requires分开。值得注意的是修饰宾主的of which molecules 中的which在此不是定语从句的引导词,而是一个形容词,意思是哪个。

意群训 练：but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living andnonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.

2. islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law—notwithstanding,of course,aconsiderable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the otherof them as far as subject matter and positive enactments are concerned—that its study is indispensable in order toappreciate adequately the full range ofpossible legal phenomena. (5)

伊斯兰法是一种如此不同于所有其它法律形式的现象——毋庸置疑,尽管就其主要内容和有积极意义的法规而言,与其它法律形式中的这种或那种形式存在着相当数量的且不可避免的巧合相似之处——以致于对它进行研究便显得不可或缺,以便充分理解有可能存在的法律现象的全部范围。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词

解释：这是一个被gre考生尊称为no.题三大难文章之一的伊斯兰法中的臭名昭著的句子。本句插入语前后都不难,关键是如何对待这段插入语。

首 先,插入语很长,在原文中有四行。笔者在前面不只一次提醒读者,三行心目的插入语必须跳过,看懂前后的内容再回头来看插入语。插入语难懂的第一个原因是其 中混有大量的抽象词和法律术语;还有一个重要原因,那就是它其实不是一个完整的句子。把插入语中所有的修饰成分扒光,只剩下一个单 词：coinsidences,而主语和谓语it has则被作者省略。

不管从哪个角 度上来看,这句话中的那个插入语都极像是ets布下的一个陷阱：首先,插入语的内容对理解文章毫无作用;其次,考试中对插入语也出题;第三,其实这句话中 的插入语根本不必读。也可以根据插入语前后的内容用合理化原则的取非读法猜出其意思。插入语前后的内容是伊斯兰法与其他法律不同,插入部分以 notwithstanding开关,又有of course,可见插入部分一定是让步证据,因此可以对前后的内容取非,猜出插入部分一定是在说伊斯兰法与其他法律有相同之处。

句 末的in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena中,包含一个倒装;正常语序的appreciate the full range of possible legal phenomena adequately中的副词adequately被提到appreciate的宾语之前。

islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law-notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned-that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能攻克的,这需要考生平时的大量积累,才能在gre阅读考试中获取高分。只要你合理地安排时间,科学的掌握背诵技巧。平时多积累,短时间内,相信你的gre阅读长难句肯定会有所突破!

1,parland’s alligator population has been declining in recent years,primarily because of hunting. alligators prey heavily on a species of freshwater fish that is highly valued as food by parilanders,who had hoped that the decline in the alligator population would lead to an increase in the numbers of these fish available for human consumption. yet the population of this fish has also declined,even though the annual number caught for human consumption has not increased.

p地区的短吻鳄数量近些年下降,主要原因是捕猎。短吻鳄捕食的淡水鱼是p居民的食物,p居民希望短吻鳄数量的下降可以导致这种可供人们消费的鱼的数量上升。但是这种鱼的数量也下降了,尽管它每年被人类抓住消费的的量没有增加。

which of following,if true,most help to explain the decline in the population of the fish species?

下列哪个选项如果是对的,最有效地解释了鱼的数量下降?

a.the decline in the alligator population has meant that fishers can work in some parts of lakes and rivers that were formerly too dangerous.

短吻鳄数量的下降意味着渔民可以到以前湖里和江河里那些以前很危险的地方工作。

b.over the last few years,parland’s commercial fishing enterprises have increased the number of fishing boats they use.

过去几年,p的渔业公司增加了它们使用的捕鱼船数量。

c.the main predator of these fish is another species of fish on which alligator also prey.

这种鱼的主要捕食者是另一种也被短吻鳄捕食的鱼

d.many parlanders who hunt alligators do so because of the high market price of alligator skins,not because of the threat alligators pose to the fish population.

许多居民捕猎短吻鳄是因为鳄鱼皮市场价格高,而不是因为它威胁到鱼的数量。

e.in several neighboring countries through which parland’s rivers also flow,alligators are at risk of extinction as a result of extensive hunting.

在一些p河流经的邻近国家,短吻鳄有灭绝的危险因为捕猎。

解析：

a.渔民在哪工作,不能解释为什么短吻鳄数量下降,淡水鱼的数量也下降。

b.易错项。文章说得很清楚,人们消费捕食鱼的数量没有上升,所以即使增加了捕鱼船的数量,也不能说明鱼被捕的多,所以不能解释鱼的数量下降。

c.正确答案。由于短吻鳄的数量减少,另一种该淡水鱼的捕食者数量就很可能增加,是它们捕食更多的淡水鱼,解释了为什么淡水鱼的数量减少。

d.捕猎短吻鳄的原因,和文章要解释现象,即为什么鱼的数量下降无关。

e.短吻鳄有灭绝风险,和文章要解释现象,即为什么鱼的数量下降无关。

思路：文章中出现上升下降,正确答案往往体现出变化。

变化：短吻鳄变少

相应变化：鱼的另一种捕食者数量变多

2.in virtually any industry,technological improvements increase labor productivity,which is the output of goods and services per person-hour worked. in parland’s industries,labor productivity is significantly higher than it is in vergia’s industries. clearly,therefore,parland’s industries must,on the whole,be further advanced technologically than vergia’s are.

对于任何工业来说,技术的改善提高工人的生产率,即每人每小时工作生产的产品和服务的量。p的工业的工人生产率比v的工业高。所以很明显,p的工业整体一定比v技术先进。

the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

下列哪个批评指出的论证的错误?

a.it offers a conclusion that is no more than a paraphrase of one of the pieces of information provided in its support.

它给出了一个结论,该结论无非是文中提供支持结论的一个信息的同义改写

b.it presents as evidence in support of a claim information that is inconsistent with other evidence presented in support of the same claim.

它作为一个支持一个主张的证据,和支持同样主张的证据不一致。

c.it takes one possible cause of a condition to be the actual cause of that condition without considering any other possible causes.

它采用了一个可能的原因用来当做那个状况的真实原因,而没考虑任何其他任何可能的原因。

d.it takes a condition to be the effect of something that happened only after the condition already existed.

它认定一个情况是某件事的效果,这件事情是在该情况已经存在之后发生的。

e.it makes a distinction that presupposes the truth of the conclusion that is to be established.

它造成了一个区别,这个区别取决于所建立结论的真实性。

解析：

a.不是文章论据的同义改写,错误

b.质疑论据。

c.正确答案。尽管技术进步是一个影响生产率的因素,但不意味着是唯一因素。

d.文章中的技术进步和生产率是有先后顺序的,并不可以颠倒,错误

e.文章没有建立某个区别。错误

无论是科技类还是社科类的阅读文章,国内很多考生都十分苦恼为何就是不明白,其实造成这个的主要原因,就是考生并不是很了解gre阅读中提及的国外文化背景。

像那种长阅读,说的好像是什么impressionist(印象派)和modernist(现实主义)的东东。由于对这方面毫无了解,所以读这篇文章毫无感觉。我不是要大家去补习美国文化的知识,这工程量太大。

网上都说平时要多看什么economist什么的,试问有几个人会真正为了gre去看?我的建议就是,大家可以抽一点时间,利用相关资料(比如 wikipedia),多去了解一下gre社科类阅读爱考的知识。以往年经验来看,gre社科类阅读非常喜欢考黑人文学black literature,黑人音乐black music(尤其是jazz),妇女(包括妇女地位的改变,妇女文学),艺术类包括impressionist、modernist等。

另外,gre考试阅读务必多留意一下上述知识的代表人物!比如ragtime就是jazz的代表人物及一种风格。并不是要求大家知道这个人物做了什么,只需要混个眼熟,考试的时候万一碰到一大串人名,能对其中一两个有点眼熟,能大概猜测出来是关于什么的就行!等到时候文章做得比较熟了,那时往往你自己也大概了解了社科类的阅读喜欢考哪些领域了。

总之,gre阅读最重要的就是日常的积累和良好的阅读习惯,不要为了考试而考试,如果平时养成看英文报、英文期刊的习惯,到时候考试中的阅读题一定能拿高分。