1. even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model,such as the critique developed in divided society,attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and socialmobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of puerto ricans as a colonial minority. (4+)

即使是对这一主流研究模型的激进批评,诸如《分裂的社会》(divided society)一书中所提出的那种批判,亦将少数民族同化问题过分机构地与经济和社会移动性的因素联系起来,因此无从阐明波多黎各人作为一个殖民地少数民族的文化从属关系。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、省略、抽象词

解释：本句实际上是由and连接的两个句子,阅读的一个难度在于,and之后省略了they(此处指前面的主语the radical critiques,)而are thus able to 又与前面离得太远,使读者难以找到主语。

另外,句中的固定搭配attach a to b和illuminate c as d当中的a、b、c,全部既长又抽象,理解起来较为困难。

意群训练：even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model,such as the critique developed in divided society,attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of puerto ricans as a colonial minority.

2、it is not known how rare this resemblance is,or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet,whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present,the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. (4)

现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步,也不知道是否它最常见于象石榴石一类的硅酸盐内含物中,而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在,这种类似就被视作极有说服力的证据,证明金刚石与内含物确是同源的。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

解释：本句的句子既长,专有名词又多,从句层出不穷,故而难懂。在本句中出现的专有名词中,除了silicates硅酸盐这个单词常常出现于理科文章中,需 要记忆之外,其他单词阅读现场简单处理一番既可：inclusions可以猜出是被包含的物质;garnet作首字母提炼叫 g:crystallography只要能从词头推出这个单词与晶体有关即可。

意群训 练：it is not known how rare this resemblance is,or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet,whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present,the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能解决的事情,需要考生平时的多积累,只有积累一定量的阅读知识,才能为你的gre阅读增分。

1. they are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles,whose lifetimes are not constrainedin the same way,and which can be detected. (3)

它们被称为虚粒子(virtual particle),以便与实粒子(real particle)区分开来,而实粒子则不会以这种方式受到制约,并且其存在可得以测定。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

解释：本句的怪异在于：real particles后面跟着两个定语从句,都是同时修饰real particles的,而且两个从句之间不用逗号隔开,却又加上and连接,令人一眼看上去极不习惯。

意 群训练：they are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles,whose lifetimes are not constrainedin the same way,and which can be detected.

2. open acknowledgement of the existence of womens oppression was too radical for the united stated in the fifties, and beauvoirs conclusion, that change in womens economic condition, though insufficient by itself, "remains the basic factor " in improving womens situation, was particularly unacceptable . (4+)

公开对妇女压迫的存在的承认对于50年代的美国而言有些过分激进,而且b的结论,即妇女经济状况的变化,经管它本身不是一个充分的因素,但是仍然是提高妇女地位的根本因素的观点,尤其无法令人接受。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

解 释：本句是由and所连接的两个分句,前一个分句的主语虽然有一些修饰成分,但整体而言还算好读;后面的分句中的修饰成分就比较难读;主语 beauvoirs conclusion后面被加上了同位语从句that change in...,而且在从句的主语和谓语之间还加了一个插入语;我们好不容易把同位语从句中的成分补齐,后面又看到系表结构was particularly unacceptable的时候,想不起来主语是誰,不禁心中茫然;如果是没有练习过难句的人,也只好黯然神伤。

意 群训练：open acknowledgement of the existence of womens oppression was too radical for the united stated in the fifties, and beauvoirs conclusion, that change in womens economic condition, though insufficient by itself, "remains the basic factor" in improving womens situation, was particularly unacceptable .

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能解决的事情,需要考生平时的多积累,只有积累一定量的阅读知识,才能为你的gre阅读增分。

1. other theorists propose that the moon was ripped out of the earths rockymantle by the earths collision with another large celestial body after much of the earths iron fell to itscore. (4)

其他的理论家提出,在地球的大部分铁沉入到地核之后,由于地球与另一个庞大的天体发生碰撞,月亮便从地球那石质的地幔中撕裂开来而形成的。rip:撕开;拨去;在本文是撕开的意思。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：这个句子虽然还算短,但结构并不简单,句中共有三介词结构作状语。结构的复杂在本句中给读者带来了真正的阅读困难：月亮、地球、大型天体之间的关系如 何?三个事件之间的先后顺序怎样?另外的一个难点在于,在the moon was ripped out of the earths rocky mantle这段话中,be ripped out of something可以作两种解释。rip既有撕开的意思,又有剥去的意思,而此处的be ripped out of something很被读者理解成被剥夺走某物的意思。实际上,根据对上下文的理解,这里应该理解成从某物中撕裂出来的意思。

意群训练：other theorists propose that the moon was ripped out of the earths rockymantle by the earths collision with another large celestial body after much of the earths iron fell to itscore.

2. however, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early new england culture that seem to have been most distinctly puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of new england as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of massachusetts and connecticut. (4)

然而,进来的学术研究强烈的显示那些看来最为明确的请教徒的早期新英格兰文化的一些方面,比如强烈的宗教导向和团体意识,就整体而言却不是新英格兰的典型特征,而是在很大程度上只局限与马萨诸赛和康涅狄格两个州。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

解释：宾语从句的主语those aspects后面跟着长长的修饰成分of early new england culture that seem to have been most distinctly puritan。不但如此,主语和表语之间又被长长的插入语such as分开,而且表语也不是一个,而是were not,but were的结构,使得句子十分难读。

意群训练：however, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early new england culture that seem to have been most distinctly puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of new england as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of massachusetts and connecticut.

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能解决的事情,需要考生平时的多积累,只有积累一定量的阅读知识,才能为你的gre阅读增分。

thus,what in contrast to the puritan colonies appears to davis to be peculiarly southern— acquisitiveness,a strong interest in politics and the law,anda tendency to cultivate metropolitancultural models—was not only more typically english than the culturalpatterns exhibited by puritan massachusetts and connecticut,but also almost certainly characteristicof most other early modern britishcolonies from barbados north to rhodeisland and new hampshire. (4)

因此,那些与(北方)清教殖民地形成鲜明对比、并在戴维斯教授的心目中显得具有 特殊南方色彩的特征——占有欲、对政治和法律的浓厚兴趣、以及培养大都市文化模式的倾向——不仅仅要比清教的马萨诸塞州和康乃涅克州所展现出来的文化模式 更具有典型的英国色彩,并且几乎毫无疑问地构成了绝大多数其它早期近代英国殖民地的特征,从巴巴多斯北至罗得岛和新罕布什尔州。

难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语

解释：这个颇长的句子是由一个what从句做主语,此主语what in contrast to the puritan colonies appears to davins to be peculialy southern中有又一些插入语的修饰成分,其实主干很简单,就是what appears to be southern.southern后的两个破折号之间的内容是主语的同位语,实际起到了一个插入语的作用。一直到句子写了五行之后,谓语动词was才姗 然出现,难怪读者看得不舒服。but also之后,省略了与前面一样的was.

笔者 在此再次提醒读者,笔者之所以对此类句子做语法分析,是为了让读者熟悉这些语法结构,而不是希望读者在现场阅读进也去分析其语法,正确的方法是通过熟读本 书中的种种难句,使大脑习惯这些语言结构;实战的现场阅读把注意力集中在句子的意思上,比如这句话,只要读出与d的观念相反,南方的州与清教的殖民地一 样,都是有着英国风格的意思即可。

意群训练：thus,what in contrast to the puritan colonies appears to davis to be peculiarly southern— acquisitiveness,a strong interest in politics and the law,anda tendency to cultivate metropolitancultural models—was not only more typically english than the culturalpatterns exhibited by puritan massachusetts and connecticut,but also almost certainly characteristicof most other early modern britishcolonies from barbados north to rhodeisland and new hampshire.

portrayals of the folk of mecklenburg county, north carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his harlem days, of pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical greek myths in the guise of the ancient black kingdom of benin, attest to this.(5)

一些描述,关于他从小就记得的北卡罗来纳州的m县的人民、关于他在h的日子里的爵士乐手和公寓的房顶、关于匹兹堡的钢铁工人的描述和他的假借古代b国对古希腊神话得宠俗,都表现了这一点。in the guise of :假借、在…的幌子下,假装。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解释：本句主语之长,主语的长度与谓语长度的比例之大,是极为罕见的,在最后的三个单词attest to this之前的所有内容,全是主语,主语和谓语的比例达到了46比3。不熟秋gre和gmat句式的人是很难把这句读懂的。句子的主语实际上是一个由and连接的并列结构,而真正的主语只有两个：portrayals 和his reconstruction.portrayals后面长度惊人的修饰成分以三个大列举的方式说出了其描述的对象,其中第一个列举中又包含了一个定语从句,修饰前面的folk(人、人们、人民、民族),第二个主语的修饰成分中使用了一抽象词组：in the guise of,相当于一个介词,其意思是假借,在……的幌子下,假装。

意群训练：portrayals of the folk of mecklenburg county, north carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his harlem days, of pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical greek myths in the guise of the ancient black kingdom of benin, attest to this.

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能解决的事情,需要考生平时的多积累,只有积累一定量的阅读知识,才能为你的gre阅读增分。

a very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters thatcapture and concentrate phytoplankton.

浮游动物体内一种极特殊的进食适应性变化是蝌蚪状的尾海鞘纲动物(appendicularian)的那种适应性变化,而尾海鞘纲动物则存活于核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球囊内,装备有过滤器,用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。

难句类型：复杂修饰

解 释：gre和gmat考试中比较有特色的一个语言现象是that (those) of的频繁出现。that(those) of的作用是省略掉与前面一样的名词性成分,从而起到简化句子的结构、缩短句子的长度的作用。然而对于初学gre和gmat的人来说,由于以前较少遇到这 种结构,而且即使遇到也是在比较简单的句子中间遇到的,所以在复杂句式中一旦遇到,往往一下子搞不清楚这个that(或those)指的是前面众多名词性 成分中间的哪一个。解决这个问题的办法,就是多读、反复读这样的句子,熟能生巧。

意群 训练：a very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters thatcapture and concentrate phytoplankton.

gre阅读长难句不是一两天就能解决的事情,需要考生平时的多积累,只有积累一定量的阅读知识,才能为你的gre阅读增分。

像那种长阅读,说的好像是什么impressionist(印象派)和modernist(现实主义)的东东。由于对这方面毫无了解,所以读这篇文章毫无感觉。我不是要大家去补习美国文化的知识,这工程量太大。

网上都说平时要多看什么economist什么的,试问有几个人会真正为了gre去看?我的建议就是,大家可以抽一点时间,利用相关资料(比如 wikipedia),多去了解一下gre社科类阅读爱考的知识。以往年经验来看,gre社科类阅读非常喜欢考黑人文学black literature,黑人音乐black music(尤其是jazz),妇女(包括妇女地位的改变,妇女文学),艺术类包括impressionist、modernist等。

另外,gre考试阅读务必多留意一下上述知识的代表人物!比如ragtime就是jazz的代表人物及一种风格。并不是要求大家知道这个人物做了什么,只需 要混个眼熟,考试的时候万一碰到一大串人名,能对其中一两个有点眼熟,能大概猜测出来是关于什么的就行!等到时候文章做得比较熟了,那时往往你自己也大概 了解了社科类的阅读喜欢考哪些领域了。

gre阅读关键最重要的就是日常的积累和良好的阅读习惯,不要为了考试而考试,如果平时养成看英文报、英文期刊的习惯,到时候考试中的阅读题一定能拿高分。

在抓主干,提高阅读速度和整体理解的技巧中,总结形成了一些关于速度文章的理论。

主 要有以下一些速度的对象：例子比喻类比目的已知,可以快速阅读;标点符号标号同义重复,可以快速阅读;找否定句之后重复补充的肯定句;单独出现的数字可以 快速阅读;主题明确后,各段重点把握首二句,其余从略;让步语气半句和转折语气半句互推,重点把握转语气;明确列举对象为主,内容从略……

快 速阅读的技巧和方法是科学有效的,尤其是针对学员刚开始接触gre晦涩复杂的文字时,有很明显的实际效果,故被很多考生推崇甚至迷信。然而到了中后期,为 了冲击最高分的考生已经不能满足只从主干上的宏观把握,但是速读理论仍然对读文章的习惯有着深刻的影响,容易使考生忽视了许多重要的出题考点。

通过四个简单的例子,大致可以感知所谓隐蔽处的概念以及一旦出题后的巨大威力。究竟什么地方可以算作隐蔽?这个是仁者乐山,智者乐水的看法了。

根据笔者统计和整理,一般如下部分是常见的隐蔽重点：

a)长句子中的同位语和插入语;

b)特殊标点符号(冒号,破折号,成对的逗号和括号)提示的补充延伸内容;

c)让步语气分句内容。

根据快速阅读理论,这些地方是应该略读跳读不读的,然而实际检验的结果和教训告诉我们,仅凭上下文合理化推出的模糊感觉对于很多题目是远远不足的。read or not, it is a question!

在一篇关于有氧代谢和无氧糖酵解的生命科学文章中,第三段有这样一个长达数行的难句子： with the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.

面对这样一个充斥着烦难专业名词的难句,很多同学读完之后几乎当场晕倒。这里重点强调的不是句子本身的结构和各因素相互之间的制约联系。而是因为这句难句对应了一道非常有代表性的罗马数字类型题。

it can be inferred from the passage that the time required to replenish muscle glycogen following anaerobic glycolysis is determined by which of the following factors?

i. rate of oxidative metabolism

ii. quantity of lactic acid in the body fluids

iii. percentage of glucose that is returned to the muscles

(a) i only

(b) iii only

(c) i and ii only

(d) i and iii only

(e) i, ii, and iii

题 目问及无氧糖酵解过程转化糖原时间和哪些因素有关?有氧代谢率和乳酸本身含量是比较明显的因素。然而根据本人实际教学中的反馈,这道题的正确率非常低,原 因主要是由于iii项的现场争议。当提醒学员句子中括号包含的in part短短两词时,往往得到的是豁然开朗的叹气。试想,在考试中读到这样一个复杂冗长的句子时,没有经过训练的考生是非常难在第一时间注意到这样两个不 起眼的小词的。所以本题选e选项,同时受三个因素影响。

再看一个同样也是生命科学文章 的例子。这次不是以复杂机制作为隐蔽方法。文章主要内容是各种复杂理论来解释为什么动植物中的雌雄比例大致相等。文中一段末句提到：although fisher wrote before the mathematical theory of games had been developed, his theory incorporates the essential feature of a game — that the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing.

这句话文字难度不大,但是这里是全文唯一一次提到game一词的地方。之后文章就详细展开关于fisher的具体理论和机理。之后提问：

according to the passage, successful game strategy depends on

(a) the ability to adjust ones behavior in light of the behavior of others

(b) ones awareness that there is safety in numbers

(c) the degree of stability one can create in ones immediate environment

(d) the accuracy with which one can predict future events

(e) the success one achieves in conserving and storing ones resources

阅 读功底一般的同学读到这里,顿时就停在那里。因为文中竟然提到过一个理论叫game,对他来说早已相见不如怀念了。此时要么全文重新检索,要么无奈的放 弃。这种细节定位题貌似简单,其实杀伤力是极其巨大的。笔者教学过程中一直强调的是读文章时就尽量形成预测考点的感觉,不然这种细节是很难找到的,即使后 期水平上升到很高的境界。仔细观察对应的出题点,标点符号破折号——其实已经隐蔽地暗示了此处叙述的重要性。正确选项a,depend on改写为in light of, behavior of others概括了文中的what others are doing。

当 然,这些隐蔽的考点不光存在于理科文章中。文学评论文章中这条规律往往老树开新花,有另外一种变化。简单先看一个例子：their present high standing is due to a different, more democratic political climate and to different aesthetic values: we no longer require artists to provide ideal images of humanity for our moral edification but rather regard such idealization as a falsification of the truth.

这篇文章是分析了francoise duparc的作品及当时不流行的原因。短文章第一题：

according to the passage, modern viewers are not likely to value which of the following qualities in a painting?

(a) the technical elements of the painting

(b) the spontaneity of the painting

(c) the moral lesson imparted by the painting:

(d) the degree to which the painting realistically depicts its subject

(e) the degree to which the artists personality is revealed in the painting

作 为短文章第一题的难度,本来应该是比较低,容易上手的。但是实际学生反映看到题干的modern viewers没有印象,无法在原文找到这题的合理定位,宛如遭到当头棒喝。客观分析,如果题干做同义改写(paraphrase),题目的难度一定大大 升高。仔细分析题干,其实这个viewers是复数泛指,类似于一大类泛指化题型。这种题型最怕文中对francoise duparc的评价做随意归纳,把特点推广到现代观察者,因为这样的解题思路不能保证放之四海皆准。其实这道题的解题定位就是冒号：之后的we(等价于题 干的modern viewers)这个词。这里的同义改写即是正确选项c。

最后看一个no.9中emily bronte呼啸山庄前后部分是否统一的例子。这篇文章本身不仅学术含义很深,没有一定积累的考生较难理解。其文字难度也绝对不低。文中末尾提到：

however, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse element is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. this is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or any novel is always a danger), but because wuthering heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.

这个例子是最能体现ets出题点口味的,比上面的例子更具普遍意义。看文章后面问题：

the author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

(a) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

(b) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

(c) not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure

(d) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structure

(e) primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

这道题题干中的an和a提示了泛指化的题型。仔细阅读原文选段,不难发现这个离题的叙述内容出现在不成立的原因半句的括号中的让步语气中的延伸叙述部分。

1、读原文

gre 阅读的基本做题方法,就是先读原文再看题目,看过题目后再根据题目定位回原文,所以读原文是做一篇阅读的第一步。有些读者已经养成了先读题目再看原文的阅 读习惯,其实,做题的顺序要因阅读特点和出题方式而异,gre阅读题目的出题顺序和原文几乎没有任何联系,也就是说第一道题可能考了原文的末尾,而最后一 道题可能考的是原文的开始,故先读题目再读原文对做题没有任何帮助,反而有可能扰乱读者理解原文内在的逻辑结构。

2、读原文的同时对重点、考点做标记

做 标记是指在读文章的时候用简单的符号记录所读重点内容,这应该和读文章同步进行,标记可以轻轻做在试卷边缘,也可以另外写在草稿纸上。所标记的主要目的是 为了读完选项之后能快速、准确的定位,这个步骤要求读者熟悉常考考点,对应做标记的内容烂熟于胸,这样才能不费时间的给自己下一步的定位作准标记。

3、读题干、选项

读 题干的过程也是个找题干特征的过程,看看题干所述和自己所做标记的内容有没有联系,如果有,则可以直接定位,故定位最主要的基础是题干与标记之间的联系。 有时候题干可能没有可以捕捉的特征,这时读者不妨从选项下手,选项中也时常会有明显的特征反映出它与原文中的重点内容之间的相关性。

4、定位

定位指的是确定考题针对原文中什么位置的内容发问,通常通过题干和选项的特征词来找,判断了原文所述的位置之后,就可以找原文和答案之间的对应关系了,绝大多数题目都可以通过找题干和选项的特征词准确的定位到原文某处。

5、(排除干扰选项后)按照文字对应原则选答案

gre考试的备选答案都是五个,通常很少有考题能让读者非常直接的判断出正确答案,总有1-2个迷惑性比较大的选项,所以,考生不妨先竖读各选相,排除一些明显错误的选项,然后再对剩下的进行细致的比较,通过原文和选项之间的文字对应关系,进行选择。